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For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjust?

General discussions of the systemic, societal and civilisational effects of depletion.

Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby dbarberic » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 18:21:05

In somewhat along the lines of what your saying, I’m surprised that no one has thought of a transformation of large houses in ex and suburbs into multi-family residences. A 3,000 – 4,000 sq home could be divided up for 2-3 or maybe even 4 families, thus making the large structure more economical to run. It would also need to be converted to renewable energy sources. In addition, during a time of resource scarcity, it would more expensive to revitalize urban housing, which is often decaying to the core, than it would be to take a fairly new house and divide it up internally. Most of the subdivisions that I have seen have large green spaces that could be zoned into common grounds for the community and most have sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, etc.

The biggest obstacle will be transportation to and from work and walk-able retail stores, but this is where I see plenty of opportunity entrepreneurs in the post peak world. As the cost of energy increases, it will get to a point where the global/regional centralized model of manufacturing no longer makes business sense as the costs of transportation exceed what the market is willing to pay for the goods. I believe that we will move back to locally based manufacturing by small business and retail stores. Smart businesses will move to these large groupings of subdivision locations as they have a built in local customer and employee base.

Not all suburbs will survive, as some are built in just so remote or have other fundamental flaws in layout that prevent a successful transformation, but I believe others may do OK.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'D')aryl, I like the cut of your jib! :wink: I think some folks are coming to the same conclusion in some of the worst sprawl centers. The status quo is stressed and so people are starting to look to urban planners for solutions. I think that if you cut away the doomer "noise" in Kunstler's rants, his thoughts apropos suburban reinvention have merit: transform them so that they are more independent. That demands, as you noted, some change in suburb zoning, specifically by introducing a greater mix of industrial and commercial spaces. In other words, allocation of more space for local agriculture and distribution and the reintroduction of the "middle man" as a logistics facilitator between local and national stakeholders and markets to make it all work.

Regardless of the ultimate form of this transformation, I think that many doomers shortchange the ability of the average person to change and the value of our accumulated knowledge base. I still think that we will have to "powerdown," especially with regards to transportation. As a result, things will be different, but not necessarily worse.

Oh yeah, I'd be remiss if I didn't throw out a potential silver-lining for you: telecommuting. Can it work?
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby Dezakin » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 18:38:21

MonteQuest:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')e must learn to live within our means, and within the limits of the environment.

Why is it that so few get this? All I hear are solutions in isolation.


Because its wrong. Its wrong now and it will be wrong still a century from now.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 18:46:18

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'I')n somewhat along the lines of what your saying, I’m surprised that no one has thought of a transformation of large houses in ex and suburbs into multi-family residences. A 3,000 – 4,000 sq home could be divided up for 2-3 or maybe even 4 families, thus making the large structure more economical to run.


The whole premise of the McMansion runs antithetical to what you're proposing. The house has always been about the 'private' realm of the individual, thus houses have become much more introverted in the past few decades. Gone are the detached garages, granny flats, and porches that make dense suburban neighborhoods viable. I'm sorry, but I can't envision 10-15 people living together in harmony in a house, all sharing bathroom, kitchen and living facilities. Perhaps out of necessity this might come to pass, but certainly not if people can help it.

And we're not even talking about the (currently) ill-sized infrastructure (sewer, gas lines, utilities) for transforming low-density sprawl into medium-density McTenements. Unless 10-15 people are going to use the same amount of services as the current 3-4. 8O

Once-a-day commode flushing, anyone? :o

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'I')n addition, during a time of resource scarcity, it would more expensive to revitalize urban housing, which is often decaying to the core, than it would be to take a fairly new house and divide it up internally. Most of the subdivisions that I have seen have large green spaces that could be zoned into common grounds for the community and most have sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, etc.


LMAO! The shit they're throwing up nowadays in the suburbs is hardly sustainable, even with cheap oil. Craftsmanship and QC is a joke. Only the cheapest materials are used (vinyl, new-growth lumber, plastic) in the newer houses, while many older houses and buildings are built from older, higher-quality materials. Don't let the shiny house brochures with the rain-swept driveways fool you. New houses aren't made to last.
They're products.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'T')he biggest obstacle will be transportation to and from work and walk-able retail stores, but this is where I see plenty of opportunity entrepreneurs in the post peak world. As the cost of energy increases, it will get to a point where the global/regional centralized model of manufacturing no longer makes business sense as the costs of transportation exceed what the market is willing to pay for the goods. I believe that we will move back to locally based manufacturing by small business and retail stores. Smart businesses will move to these large groupings of subdivision locations as they have a built in local customer and employee base.


There is a sweet spot of density, the high point of efficiency and profitability in transporting goods and people. We had it, and we lost it, with no small thanks to GM. Quite frankly, newer forms of suburbia are ill-prepared to compete with prewar suburbs and their Main Street counterparts. I have to believe that Kunstler was truthful when he said that most sprawl will become the new slums, as those areas will be less desirable than older, built-up areas.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'N')ot all suburbs will survive, as some are built in just so remote or have other fundamental flaws in layout that prevent a successful transformation, but I believe others may do OK.


I agree with you. However, I feel that prewar (before WW2) suburbs will make out like bandits, leaving each faltering postwar suburb commensurately worse off than the suburb that came before it. Just look at how insane house sizes and street layouts have become with each passing decade, both odes to the 'lone, rugged individual' entitlement mentality that is so pervasive in America today. In other words, the new suburbs don't lend themselves well to becoming communities.
"It's called the American Dream because you'd have to be asleep to believe it."

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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby holmes » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:00:43

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Dezakin', 'M')onteQuest:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'W')e must learn to live within our means, and within the limits of the environment.

Why is it that so few get this? All I hear are solutions in isolation.


Because its wrong. Its wrong now and it will be wrong still a century from now.


Do not push your "right" ways on me or others that do not want any part of your weird delusional experiments. The ones that survived colapsed empires were strong and got out of dodge. This time wont be nearly that easy. I want the right to not have to pay for programs and "right" ways that I do not want to participate in. Or are u "all" forcing us into the trail of tears?
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby holmes » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:03:55

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('emersonbiggins', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'I')n somewhat along the lines of what your saying, I’m surprised that no one has thought of a transformation of large houses in ex and suburbs into multi-family residences. A 3,000 – 4,000 sq home could be divided up for 2-3 or maybe even 4 families, thus making the large structure more economical to run.


The whole premise of the McMansion runs antithetical to what you're proposing. The house has always been about the 'private' realm of the individual, thus houses have become much more introverted in the past few decades. Gone are the detached garages, granny flats, and porches that make dense suburban neighborhoods viable. I'm sorry, but I can't envision 10-15 people living together in harmony in a house, all sharing bathroom, kitchen and living facilities. Perhaps out of necessity this might come to pass, but certainly not if people can help it.

And we're not even talking about the (currently) ill-sized infrastructure (sewer, gas lines, utilities) for transforming low-density sprawl into medium-density McTenements. Unless 10-15 people are going to use the same amount of services as the current 3-4. 8O

Once-a-day commode flushing, anyone? :o

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'I')n addition, during a time of resource scarcity, it would more expensive to revitalize urban housing, which is often decaying to the core, than it would be to take a fairly new house and divide it up internally. Most of the subdivisions that I have seen have large green spaces that could be zoned into common grounds for the community and most have sidewalks, parks, playgrounds, etc.


LMAO! The shit they're throwing up nowadays in the suburbs is hardly sustainable, even with cheap oil. Craftsmanship and QC is a joke. Only the cheapest materials are used (vinyl, new-growth lumber, plastic) in the newer houses, while many older houses and buildings are built from older, higher-quality materials. Don't let the shiny house brochures with the rain-swept driveways fool you. New houses aren't made to last.
They're products.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'T')he biggest obstacle will be transportation to and from work and walk-able retail stores, but this is where I see plenty of opportunity entrepreneurs in the post peak world. As the cost of energy increases, it will get to a point where the global/regional centralized model of manufacturing no longer makes business sense as the costs of transportation exceed what the market is willing to pay for the goods. I believe that we will move back to locally based manufacturing by small business and retail stores. Smart businesses will move to these large groupings of subdivision locations as they have a built in local customer and employee base.


There is a sweet spot of density, the high point of efficiency and profitability in transporting goods and people. We had it, and we lost it, with no small thanks to GM. Quite frankly, newer forms of suburbia are ill-prepared to compete with prewar suburbs and their Main Street counterparts. I have to believe that Kunstler was truthful when he said that most sprawl will become the new slums, as those areas will be less desirable than older, built-up areas.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('dbarberic', 'N')ot all suburbs will survive, as some are built in just so remote or have other fundamental flaws in layout that prevent a successful transformation, but I believe others may do OK.


I agree with you. However, I feel that prewar (before WW2) suburbs will make out like bandits, leaving each faltering postwar suburb commensurately worse off than the suburb that came before it. Just look at how insane house sizes and street layouts have become with each passing decade, both odes to the 'lone, rugged individual' entitlement mentality that is so pervasive in America today. In other words, the new suburbs don't lend themselves well to becoming communities.
U speak truth. Good to have u here. Thanks.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby GoIllini » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:22:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('GoIllini', ' ')Apparently, when the cost of energy skyrockets, as you claim, American coal is somehow going to be cheap and not be used to pay off the country's trade debts.


The sale of a commodity does not pay off debts, only a growth in real GDP by the production of real goods and services does. Coal will not be cheap, either.

Currently, we have a 248 trillion deviratives market in a 45 trillion world GDP.

They call that "financial speculation" and it can disappear with the snap of your fingers.


Again, all of the problems you cite ultimately stem from higher prices of oil. If oil prices are higher, and our coal can be converted into oil, the U.S. is in even better shape.

You tell me: will oil prices be high or low? If they're high, we pay off the debt by converting coal into oil. If they're low, we don't have any problems from peak oil.

We do have a gigantic commodities market, but the world needs energy to keep running. One day, the value of our coal production will be 1/2 China's GDP.


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '
')I rest my case. From this response to my post, it is quite obvious this person does not get it.

Apparently, the "solutions in isolation" argument always gets brought out by doomers when they've run out of evidence that the U.S. can't survive peak oil. Besides the fact that the argument is a historical adage that doesn't have much more historical evidence than counter-examples, the U.S. has gotten through worse than the impacts of peak-oil on a resource-rich country.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:22:42

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('holmes', 'U') speak truth. Good to have u here. Thanks.


I'm glad to take part in some small way, however insignificant one man's opinion may be. :wink:
"It's called the American Dream because you'd have to be asleep to believe it."

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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby GoIllini » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:29:30

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', 'I') am not assessing blame, but looking at reality. A derivative is a financial instrument that derives its value from the value of other financial instruments or an underlying asset. It has no intrinsic value. By their very nature they encourage high degrees of speculation. It is the size of the derivatives market based upon “financial speculation” that worries many. We’ve been able to clone hundreds of trillions of dollars of metaphysical wealth from the seeds of debt.

It’s all a mirage.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')he job of a derivatives trader is like that of a bookie once removed, taking bets on people making bets.— Linda Davies


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"')We view them as time bombs both for the parties that deal in them and the economic system ... In our view ... derivatives are financial weapons of mass destruction, carrying dangers that, while now latent, are potentially lethal." — Warren Buffett


It seems like you've still got some work to do on understanding the commodities market. Let's just be clear: U.S. citizens don't hold trillions of tons of coal options; the U.S. holds trillions of tons of coal.

If speculation temporarily results in cheap coal, for some reason, the world will do fine for a few months. However, the long term price of coal ultimately reflects supply and demand fundamentals- not speculation. I can assure you that if we have 80 mbpd of oil supply at $60/barrel and 85 mbpd of oil demand at $60/barrel, the price won't stay down at $60/barrel forever.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby Daryl » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:31:25

A McMansion could easily be divided into a 3 family home. The entry hall could be a common hallway with two families sharing a front door exit. An upstairs bedroom has to be converted to a kitchen and another kitchen has to be added in the basement, which has it's own entrance. They are usually already triple zoned for heat. No problem. I lived in a very similar apartment in Brooklyn - a brownstone once occupied by the wealthy class that had been chopped up into three separate apartments.

Many who make anti-suburban comments in these forums, like Kunstler, were anti-suburb long before they stumbled on Peak Oil. The glee Kunstler takes in describing the destruction of suburbia lessens his credibility as a commentator. Often, these people are suburban kids who moved into to the inner city as young adults and never got over their adolescent rebellion against their fathers.

I don't think this housing stock will be abandoned, except in certain areas. Large chunks of it will be made salvageable through creative transformation. We almost have to. Remember, we have more people than we had during the idyllic 1850's, or whatever fantasy era it is the anti-surburbantites want to go back to.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby Dezakin » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:48:45

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'Y')ou tell me: will oil prices be high or low? If they're high, we pay off the debt by converting coal into oil. If they're low, we don't have any problems from peak oil.

We do have a gigantic commodities market, but the world needs energy to keep running. One day, the value of our coal production will be 1/2 China's GDP.

I dont think you understand economics. But then again I dont think anyone else does either. Monte's been railing for years about the imminent implosion of the US economy. Eventually we'll hit another recession and he'll get really excited, and then the long recovery afterwards will be merely a 'temporary phenomena fueled by our debts exacerbating the situation' and so on.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby rogerhb » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 19:49:46

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', 'R')emember, we have more people than we had during the idyllic 1850's, or whatever fantasy era it is the anti-surburbantites want to go back to.


This is a temporary state of affairs.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 20:06:06

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', 'A') McMansion could easily be divided into a 3 family home. The entry hall could be a common hallway with two families sharing a front door exit. An upstairs bedroom has to be converted to a kitchen and another kitchen has to be added in the basement, which has it's own entrance. They are usually already triple zoned for heat. No problem. I lived in a very similar apartment in Brooklyn - a brownstone once occupied by the wealthy class that had been chopped up into three separate apartments.


Newsflash: those brownstones are of the older stock of housing, definitely not considered 'McMansions' by those who inhabit sprawling houses in the South and Southwest. Brownstones lend themselves well to partitioning, but it's hard to divide up a foyer and media room into viable living premises without someone giving up some major concessions in the house. To add additional plumbing and utility to an existing house isn't cheap, either.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', 'M')any who make anti-suburban comments in these forums, like Kunstler, were anti-suburb long before they stumbled on Peak Oil. The glee Kunstler takes in describing the destruction of suburbia lessens his credibility as a commentator. Often, these people are suburban kids who moved into to the inner city as young adults and never got over their adolescent rebellion against their fathers.


A little armchair psychiatry, eh? Seeing as I don't fit this particular mold in any way, I suppose I'm an anomaly... :?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', 'I') don't think this housing stock will be abandoned, except in certain areas. Large chunks of it will be made salvageable through creative transformation. We almost have to. Remember, we have more people than we had during the idyllic 1850's, or whatever fantasy era it is the anti-surburbantites want to go back to.


Generalizations, generalizations. :roll: Suburbia quit being viable around 1940, when we decided that the car should become our master, to be designed for above and beyond all other modes of transportation, including walking.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 20:26:47

A lesson in suburbia:
Image
Image
Image

Again,
Brownstones: 'good' suburbia
McMansions: 'bad' suburbia
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby Daryl » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 20:45:25

1 - Brownstones are urban dwellings, not suburban.

2 - The brownstone I lived in was modified substantially from it's original layout in order to accomodate 3 apartments. I'm sure the original owners would have been horrified at the pathetic lifestyle my fiance and I led on the second floor. People will make a fortune buying McMansions, investing the conversion money and collecting 3 rents.

3 - The guys idea of partitioning the McMansions is solid. The occupants won't be the same people who originally bought the McMansion. Sure some floors will be more attractive than others. The rents on those floors will be higher.

4 - McMansion subdivisions don't have big lots. The houses look grand only in the pictures taken from a low angle in front of house. You always see them from this angle because they are built right next to each other. That's a good thing for the future, because the subdivisions actually do have a higher population density than you think.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby mgibbons19 » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 20:48:12

I can't help but think of all the other examples of adapting to changing economies that come to mind. Gary, IN as steel changed. The Iron Range of MN as mining changed. Appalchia as other mining changed. The bust towns of the gold rush, the bust towns of the near west oil rush. Flint et al, MI as automaking changed. The whole east coast as textiles changed. The whole midwest as farming changed over the last century.

There seems to be at least even odds that under the right future scenario, it really won't be that salvagable.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby rogerhb » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 20:52:04

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('mgibbons19', 'I') can't help but think of all the other examples of adapting to changing economies that come to mind. Gary, IN as steel changed. The Iron Range of MN as mining changed. Appalchia as other mining changed. The bust towns of the gold rush, the bust towns of the near west oil rush. Flint et al, MI as automaking changed. The whole east coast as textiles changed. The whole midwest as farming changed over the last century.

There seems to be at least even odds that under the right future scenario, it really won't be that salvagable.


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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 21:15:14

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', '1') - Brownstones are urban dwellings, not suburban.


Therein lies the fallacy of your comparison, which I ignored until now. What you're living in now was built a long time ago, and is extremely adaptable to partitioning. More likely than not, you have stacking floor plates, stacking plumbing and negligible wasted space . McMansions are known for their disparate floor plans, complicated adjacencies and incredibly wasteful arrangements of space. Any fool can see that if the plumbing walls don't stack and you have fundamentally different room configurations, the building type won't lend itself well to partitioning.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', '2') - The brownstone I lived in was modified substantially from it's original layout in order to accomodate 3 apartments. I'm sure the original owners would have been horrified at the pathetic lifestyle my fiance and I led on the second floor. People will make a fortune buying McMansions, investing the conversion money and collecting 3 rents.


See above paragraph. The situation you describe for McMansions will be more along the lines of slum tenements of last resort (anyone with cash will long have left for places with good transit). Look no further than the late 70s for examples of this: who got stuck with the big gas-guzzlers? The poor, disenfranchised classes.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', '3') - The guys idea of partitioning the McMansions is solid. The occupants won't be the same people who originally bought the McMansion. Sure some floors will be more attractive than others. The rents on those floors will be higher.


No kidding. The 'new' occupants will likely be those who won't be able to afford transit-oriented development in the cities and towns. Rent differentials in slums are irrelevant to the fact that they're still slums.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Daryl', '4') - McMansion subdivisions don't have big lots. The houses look grand only in the pictures taken from a low angle in front of house. You always see them from this angle because they are built right next to each other. That's a good thing for the future, because the subdivisions actually do have a higher population density than you think.


And those densities are arranged around personal transit, are they not?
Rearranging and straightening cul-de-sacs and winding streets into something more workable is an exercise in futility. Ditto for retrofitting houses into markets and shops. Any attempts to do this will be largely the default result of the necessity of shelter, no matter how makeshift the transformation ends up being. It will end up as the probable outcome, but certainly not a desirable one by any stretch of the imagination.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby jmacdaddio » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 21:27:21

McMansions won't be divided up into multiple family dwellings. That would require money to invest (we won't have it), a skilled labor pool (not people who can barely read or balance a checkbook), and resources available (good luck trucking in lumber, sheet rock, pipes, etc). The idea that they will become the slums of the future is just a reaction in the same vein of predicting that SUVs will become planters or used as chicken coops. When we see something that is presented now as an outward sign of wealth (McMansion, SUV, etc) but is really detrimental to society and therefore despised by most on this board, we wish that today's sign of wealth becomes tomorrow's slum and rusting hulk up on cinder blocks -- chalk it up to schadenfreude and a desire to see our own choices vindicated.

Realistically, McMansion sprawl would just get abandoned in favor of denser housing in cities or near train stations. Three families occupying a McHouse means three times the food has to get trucked in to the local supermarket, three times as many commutes from 34 miles outside of Dallas (Phoenix, Orlando, Minneapolis, choose a city), etc. And McMansions are not brownstones, and I don't see how they could get occupied by multiple families (unless in the case of extended families or groups of squatters who band together). There are isolated spots where developers are making McBrownstones, but it's too little, too late.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby rogerhb » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 21:38:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jmacdaddio', 'R')ealistically, McMansion sprawl would just get abandoned in favor of denser housing in cities or near train stations.


Expect them to become the new building supplies! You start a garage sale then work through the rest of the house, it's fittings, then the roof etc.
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Re: For Slow Transformationists - How Will the Suburbs Adjus

Unread postby emersonbiggins » Mon 17 Oct 2005, 21:45:54

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jmacdaddio', 'T')he idea that they will become the slums of the future is just a reaction in the same vein of predicting that SUVs will become planters or used as chicken coops... we wish that today's sign of wealth becomes tomorrow's slum and rusting hulk up on cinder blocks -- chalk it up to schadenfreude and a desire to see our own choices vindicated.


Wait a minute. In one breath, you say that those with the resources will regather into dwellings near transit, and then you say that McMansions will not become tomorrow's slums? We can only assume that McMansions that are effectively abandoned by the middle class (e.g., their salability becomes negligible) will become occupied by those with no other options available besides homelessness. The city gentrifies, and we begin to see reverse white flight, displacing the poor in the cities to the only affordable housing stock, that of the exurbs and suburbs.

It sure sounds like a recipe for creating a slum to me.

And the prediction for SUV planters isn't in the same vein as the degradation of the suburban realm. The McMansion's viability as a pure element of shelter isn't questioned; even in its state of becoming a slum, it will still be occupied. The 'planter' concept assumes that an SUV becomes useless for its intended purpose, demonstrating the fundamental difference in the comparison.
"It's called the American Dream because you'd have to be asleep to believe it."

George Carlin
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