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Book: "The United States... World Economy: ..." C.F.Bergsten

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Book: "The United States... World Economy: ..." C.F.Bergsten

Unread postby donshan » Sun 27 Nov 2005, 23:04:52

I have just received the book "The United States and the World Economy-Foreign Economic Policy for the Next Decade", edited by C. Fred Bergsten, January 2005 (454 pages). This book is mainstream economics at the global level at the Institute for International Economics. The book is endorsed on the back by such Economists such as Lawrence Summers (President of Harvard and previous Secretary of Treasury) and Paul Volcker( Chairman of the Fed prior to Greenspan).

I want to call attention to it because its chapter list almost reads like many of the topic lists of this forum. Others may be interested, as I am, in what mainstream economists are thinking about issues such as:
Chapters:
1. A new Foreign Economic Policy for the United States
2. The Payoff to America from Global Integration
3. Uneven Gains and Unbalanced Burdens?
4. China: The Great New Economic Challenge
5. The United States and the Large Emerging-Market Economies
6. Sustaining Global Growth while Reducing External Imbalances
7. Energy: A Gathering Storm?
8. Confronting Current Challenges to US Trade Policy
9. Offshore Outsourcing and Globalization of US Services
10. Easing the Adjustment Burden on US workers
11. Challenges of US Immigration Policy
12. The International Finance Architecture
13. Fostering Development

I have only read the chapter on Energy, but I thought it alone would be of interest. I will post some comments on the other chapters later.

There is one chapter by Phillip K Verleger Jr. titled Energy: A gathering Storm?. This was written in late 2004 and published January, 2005. The energy chapter reviews a growing crisis and is sort of an open letter to the new Bush Administration on what must be done in the Energy area. It does not even admit the existence of an oil supply constraint due to Peak Oil, but instead blames under investment in oil development and refineries for sour and heavy crude oils, and a number of geopolitical issues. He calls for strong energy conservation measures, alternative fuels, a gasoline tax of $1.00 a gallon, (with changes in tax structure in other areas to make it revenue neutral), a doubling of the SPR to use as a buffer on price spikes, the necessity of OPEC raising production, increased oil inventories and others including a number tax incentive issues.

One interesting analysis is an econometric analysis that showed that the ENTIRE world goes into recession at oil prices above $55/bbl. He calls for strong action.

Now none of his proposals have been implemented, and oil has gone well above $55. His conclusions in 2004 were:


$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'T')ime is short and Action is Required
Crude oil prices rose to record levels in 2004., In the next three years, they will climb even higher if action is not taken., Economic recession or worse will surely follow. It is not an exaggeration to say an economic storm of immense proportions lies just over the horizon.

In May 2001, President Bush called on Congress to pass a new energy policy. His request for action was correct; however the policies he put forward, even if adopted immediately, would do little to avoid the coming tumult. Today, the United States, the European Union, Japan, Russia, China, and OPEC members, particularly Saudi Arabia must act at once to address this problem. Each country can take many steps by itself. However, the crisis can be avoided only if they all work together.



This author is mainstream Economics- not a Peak Oiler or a Doomer. A year has passed and we are deeper in the hole that when he wrote that last year.

We have squandered another year to prepare for the coming oil shortage. Without significant, aggressive steps to create a reduction in demand (i.e. Powerdown), energy will become rationed by increasing price, and the world will go into "recession or worse".
An expert is someone who has made every mistake possible in their field and learned how to prevent them.
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Re: The United States and the World Economy-

Unread postby Carlhole » Mon 28 Nov 2005, 01:12:17

What does it say in Chapter 6? And in Chap 8? Is that about outsourcing and the differences in labor costs between the US and the developing world?
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Re: The United States and the World Economy-

Unread postby donshan » Mon 28 Nov 2005, 03:20:21

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Carlhole', 'W')hat does it say in Chapter 6? And in Chap 8? Is that about outsourcing and the differences in labor costs between the US and the developing world?


Just started the book from the front. However in the Introduction is the general conclusion is that the US economy gains much more from globalized trade than we lose.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'U')S Incomes are $1 trillion per year higher due to the country's increased integration with the world economy since 1945.
...
...off setting adjustment costs only amount to $50 billion per year.
In the short run, the United States faces three significant risks that could mutually reinforce their negative effects on the economy.

• The essential substantial correction of the large and growing current account deficit....
• Renewed increases perhaps to $60 to $70 per barrel oil
• Increased trade trade protectionism, especially against China in light of a bilateral trade deficit approaching annual rates of $200, due importantly to inadequacies of US domestic programs to cushion the impact of trade-induced dislocation and to equip American workers to compete successfully in a globalized economy


I think the answer is they conclude that there is no turning back from some jobs moving to China. The answer is a currency revaluation, and a number of items to get the trade balance back to zero which implies an equal amount of business flowing back to the US from China and we must retrain US workers to do it. But I need to read more.

The fixes are largely greatly expanded programs to help service workers, trade impacted industries, communities and a " Human Capital Investment Tax Credit" to encourage US Companies to adopt much more effect retraining programs.

Chapter 9 is entirely about outsourcing and my few comments can't possibly explain over 100 pages of details.
An expert is someone who has made every mistake possible in their field and learned how to prevent them.
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Re: The United States and the World Economy-

Unread postby Carlhole » Mon 28 Nov 2005, 03:46:45

I might have to buy that book. Those kinds of things have been on my mind alot lately. It just seems as though the American economy is being hollowed out through loss of manufacturing and high-wage IT jobs and everything.

This game we are playing with the rest of the world where we produce debt and they produce everything else has got to come to an end. And it seems like wages overseas and wages at home have got to become more equalized before the American economy can become more competitive. I have more or less understood our invasion of Iraq as a necessity to keeping the petrodollar system alive and our increasingly precarious economy afloat.

Both Republicans and Democrats seem unprincipled as hell, ruled by corporate power (which is unelected power) and corporations have been making a mad dash to Asia as if they are abandoning ship. So, I've been reading a little about the highly principled Libertarian philosophy also and, of course, they are adamantly free trade as well as pro free-immigration, anti-war and anti-state. So some of their policies are being implemented like crazy and some (the war and monetary policy) are being violated like crazy.

What does all this mean for the the average American? Will the dollar crash? It's hard to know what the hell's going on.
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Re: The United States and the World Economy-

Unread postby donshan » Mon 28 Nov 2005, 12:38:07

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Carlhole', 'B')oth Republicans and Democrats seem unprincipled as hell, ruled by corporate power (which is unelected power) and corporations have been making a mad dash to Asia as if they are abandoning ship. So, I've been reading a little about the highly principled Libertarian philosophy also and, of course, they are adamantly free trade as well as pro free-immigration, anti-war and anti-state. So some of their policies are being implemented like crazy and some (the war and monetary policy) are being violated like crazy.

What does all this mean for the the average American? Will the dollar crash? It's hard to know what the hell's going on.


There is a clear opposition position to the Bush policies in this book, in the sense that America isn't doing anything to solve the problems now which are just getting worse. I don't know if you can put a political label on it however. Whatever political label you call it, this book is calling for more International policies that address serious problems. Their call is for International negotiations at the Government to Government level indicates that Governments have a major role to play in setting the ground rules for trade.

IMHO we have serious problems with China that does not abide by free market principles. For example, Bush just went to China, they listened, but it appears nothing has changed. Trade continues to be unbalanced, with rampant piracy of US intellectual property, that is often the most valuable asset. For example, Microsoft is almost nothing without their patents and legal enforcement of those patents. Fair trade is not possible if China gets the intellectual property required to make a high tech product for free from the US, but we have to pay for the product itself made in China. Normally big patent license fees are paid by the manufacturer, but China ignores this step. Big as it is, Microsoft needs the US government to settle this problem. China wants to be part of the WTO, for its benefits. To continue to get market access that the WTO brings, China must play by the rules.

As Paul Volcker states on the back cover:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')How to shake America and other countries out of complacency into constructive action- that is the challenge addressed in this book by Fred Bergstan and his renowned stable of policy analysts at the Institute for International Economics. Agree or not on the specific proposals, the call to action simply must not be ignored


The authors feel a dollar crisis is clearly looming in the near future:

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A') number of threats are immediate. The most important and most likely is the substantial economic adjustment that will be required to correct the unprecedented and rapidly growing US current account deficit. If this includes a crash of the dollar within the next year or so, when the US economy is nearing full employment and full capacity utilization, the result would be a sharp rise in US inflation and interest rates along with a rapid fall in trade surpluses and economic growth in other countries. These events could produce a very hard landing for the US and the entire world economies.


I did not buy this book because I agree with all the positions taken. In fact, I often read books diametrically opposed to what I think, but I need to understand all the political forces that affect any solutions. As I see it America is more concerned about the latest sales at the mall, and the NFL standings now, than trade balances and the dollar or energy. Meanwhile our economic world is about to collapse around us. If that happens, it does not matter what political party you believe in. Everybody is affected. Yet we are told the trade balance does not matter. I don't think that is leadership at the national level.

This book is an excellent way to debate the issues in your own mind. More than once, I have found myself saying after a passage, " I don't agree". However that process helps me understand the issues better.
An expert is someone who has made every mistake possible in their field and learned how to prevent them.
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