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Why The World Economy Is Likely To Collapse

Why The World Economy Is Likely To Collapse thumbnail

No difficult economic terms, no tough charts, just simple math.

1 – The worlds population of under 40 year olds (excluding Africa) has essentially peaked (chart below…bars represent 0-40yr/old population, dashed lines UN future estimates).  What is interesting about the under 40 year old population is that they are responsible for about 97% of all pregnancies / births.  It’s not impossible for 40+ year old women to have children, just statistically very rare (particularly outside the developed world).

Ok, we’ve established the global under 40 population (excluding Africa) has essentially peaked…now we lay out the chart below that a shrinking population (above) isn’t replacing themselves.  Chart below shows world fertility rates, again breaking world fertility (ex-Africa) from the African fertility rate.  The world (ex-Africa) has fallen below the 2.1 births per female replacement level…and even Africa is rapidly slowing.

A flat to shrinking child bearing population that is not reproducing at a rate to replace themselves and the fertility rates continue to fall.  This all points to the potential the low UN 0-40yr/old population estimate could be fairly accurate (chart 1, lower bound).  With either the medium or low estimate, the UN is telling us they expect a massive depopulation of under 40 year olds world-over.  Somewhere between 1 billion to 2.5 billion fewer under 40yr/olds by the turn of the century & perhaps well in excess of a 50% decline (except for Africa?!?).  I lay out why the Ex-Africa approach to viewing global economics makes sense, HERE.

The next three charts show annual global population growth, excluding Africa (the charts show average annual population growth per five year periods).

Chart below, (1) annual population growth clearly peaked in the ’85-’90 timeframe at about +75 million year over year growth, and 2 – the makeup of that growth has entirely shifted from primarily among under 40yr/olds to primarily 65+yr/olds.  These trends are about to get much worse, from an economic and consumption standpoint.

The chart below is focusing on the changing nature of the annual global population growth.

Finally, a quick look at select years to show the changing nature of the global population growth…shifting from nearly entirely growth among the young to declines among the young only somewhat offset by the elderly living far longer.

All the interest rate cuts and debt has been undertaken under the paradigm that it would be more easily repaid in the future…but now we’ve come to “the future” where there are fewer of us to service the debt, buy homes, buy cars, consume our way to prosperity…or pay the taxes to keep the social systems solvent.  Basically, we are doing our best Wile E. Coyote impression…we’ve gone over the cliff but somehow haven’t realized it quite yet.  What this has looked like in the US and globally…HERE.

Of course, the flipside is the 40+ year old world (ex-Africa) population is set to continue soaring (chart below).  Unfortunately, by age 65, the population consumes at about 70% of it’s peak earning years…and by 75, consumption falls to somewhere around 50-60%.  The elderly are credit averse, have made their major life purchases and spending (kids, homes, college) and turn to net sellers in retirement.  Absent a growing population of young to buy their assets (IRA’s, homes, etc.), we have a small problem (central bank asset purchases to the rescue).  As for Africa, the population growth there generally consume at a rate of 5-10% the consumption of the depopulating young they are replacing.  Global economic activity and consumption are likely to fall off a steep, high precipice.

The implications economically, financially, societally, etc. etc. of a collapsing population of young and soaring older population should be ringing alarm bells…but instead our politicians seem officially mindless (or intentionally misleading the populace) in the face of a cataclysmic shift.

Just to make the point…here is what the shift looks like for the US.  The breakdown in growth among 25-54yr/old employees (blue line) coinciding with interest rate cuts (black line) and massive federal debt increases (red line).

The chart below shows total federal debt apportioned per the nearly 100 million 25-54yr/old employees (red columns) vs. the non-growth in wages shown by the real median household income (green line).

 

Chris Hamilton via Econimica blog



34 Comments on "Why The World Economy Is Likely To Collapse"

  1. pointer on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 6:06 am 

    We’re going down like the Mayans, who lost half their population over a 100 year span.

  2. Cloggie on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 6:33 am 

    The world has a problem an it is called Africa. Plus the leftist folks in the West who insist that it is a good idea and “humanitarian necessity” to import these high performance breeders (with meanwhile a huge obesity problem) into our lands.

    What needs to be done is that once the migration pushing US deep state has been thoroughly removed from power (if necessary with the aid of European and Russian troops in North-America supporting the constitutionalists against the commies like Friday and Siss, led by the George Soros types), Africa needs to be recolonized, this time by China and Eurosphere and a rigorous birth control plan imposed: voluntary sterilization after kid #2 against goodies (even more goodies after kid #1), supported by government propaganda, morally outcasting large families.

    If you don’t do this, disaster is pre-programmed. Africans, unlike the Chinese, don’t have the discipline to impose this program on themselves.

  3. Hello on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 6:44 am 

    It’s hard to understand that there’s game and wildlife population control everywhere, yet negro apes are allowed to breed.

  4. Cloggie on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 6:59 am 

    The success of Trump, le Pen, Wilders and the AfD.

    This just in:

    https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/5q1wzc/eu_wants_to_shut_down_libya_route_before_summer/

    President of the European Council Tusk, President of the European Commission Juncker, and the Maltese Prime Minister Muscat, want to shut down the Libyan migration route within the next couple of months. If this does not happen soon, then Marine le Pen and Geert Wilders – supported by millions of dissatisfied civilians – will destroy the EU from within, Muscat warns.

    Because of the urgency of this problem, President of the European Council Tusk may even consider drastic measures that were off limits until recently, such as locking down the Libya coast. Tusk calls such a solution ‘raising a defensive wall’ in a confidential report to the EU states that he wrote together with Muscat. This afternoon, the European Commission will present a series of measures that underline the urgency: “before spring and summer roll around, decisive action will be required”.

    ROFL!

    The EU vassals of old school US deep state are sh*tting in their pants that they could lose power, just like just happened in the US.

    Nice try, it is too late for them anyway. Right-wing pressure works, so much is clear.

  5. makati1 on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 7:04 am 

    Colonize Africa? Why? How? With what army? The days of “colonization” is long over. China is helping Africa build itself up to modern standards, investing many billions in infrastructure and land there.

    That is not going to change short of a total world war. I guarantee that if we have one of those, population is not going to ever be a problem again. There will be no ‘breeders’ left, anywhere.

  6. Cloggie on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 7:11 am 

    It doesn’t need to be old school colonialism. You could call it “adoption”. What it would mean is that a country of the North “adopts” an African country and helps it out with material support, in return for a birth control program.

  7. Davy on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 7:31 am 

    The problem is “US” as in us humans. It is modern man. It is about over consumption and over population. All of us rich and poor. We are all in this together. Pointing finger with the usual arguments of blame and complain is just an ascending layer to the insanity. We are arguing who is more right when it is really who is more insane. Population is clearly the end of modern man. There will have to be a die off to rebalance population that is an order of magnitude into overshoot. Overconsumption is worse because we are many times into overshoot per sustainability. This will make the die off deeper than it may have needed to be.

    We have destroyed a planetary system and we act like we can make that situation green and be OK. That is some crazy shit in my book. We are all in this together and we will all face a die off. The rich will be caught in the decline in the economic support that keeps their unsustainable world afloat. The rich 1BIL will suffer and die from lack of support for a system that is unsustainable. The poor will just go through the old fashion type die off from too many people and not enough to feed them. This is really a mixture but you get the point.

    This will be a process that may unfold over decades. It is unclear how this will unfold because frankly there are so many ways it can unfold. We have introduced risk so pervasively in so many ways because of the combination of overconsumption and overpopulation the risks are everywhere. It would be different if we had a manageable population but reached overconsumption. This is much like what has happened in previous times. This population just dissipated into a new area and redeveloped. Overpopulation is different in our case. The world is full with nowhere to go. We then add to this an unsustainable world built without a future. Then the story really turns dark.

  8. Cloggie on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 7:41 am 

    We have destroyed a planetary system and we act like we can make that situation green and be OK. That is some crazy shit in my book. We are all in this together and we will all face a die off.

    Come on Davy, this is not 2005 any more.

    We know nothing like that with certainty.

  9. Davy on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 8:00 am 

    It isn’t clog and these numbers are little different for China and Europe:
    “2017’s Real Milestone (Or Why Interest Rates Can Never Go Back To Normal)”
    http://dollarcollapse.com/interest-rates-2/2017s-real-milestone/
    “The other meaningful number is 6.620. That’s the average interest rate the US government paid on its various debts in 2000, the year before the great monetary experiment of QE, ZIRP and all the rest began. When talking heads at the Fed and elsewhere refer to “normalizing” interest rates they’re proposing a return to this 6% average rate. But of course the last time that rate prevailed our debts were just a little lower. Run the numbers on today’s obligations and you get, well, let’s see:
    $20 trillion x 6% = $1.2 trillion a year in interest expense. To put that in perspective…It’s $15,000 a year per family of four, or about a fourth of what the typical American family earns. It’s 31% of the federal budget, which would mean massive cuts in every other spending program.”

    “The conclusion: It can’t happen without causing one of the following:
    Government spending cuts and/or tax increases that impose Greek-style austerity on Americans who won’t respond well to their sudden demotion to Third World status.
    A new round of monetary experiments involving the “forgiveness” of the government’s debts, financed with newly-created dollars. This will work – as long as dollars remain universally accepted as a store of value. History offers no examples of such a thing.
    An overt effort to devalue the dollar, with the goal of paying the interest in full, but (again) with newly- created, much-less-valuable currency.
    The resulting dilemma: If we hope to live within our means interest rates can never be allowed to rise. But if interest rates don’t rise, the Fed is forced to create a tsunami of new dollars to keep rates low, and must take its chances with inflation, currency war, crack-up boom, and all the other black swans that live in the land of monetary excess.”

  10. forbin on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 8:24 am 

    ” Global economic activity and consumption are likely to fall off a steep, high precipice.”

    why is this a problem – the rest of the planet’s flora & fauna can recover …..

    infinite planet economics meets finite planet resources ?

    People can live without money – Banks can’t

    ah , now I see the problem …..

    forbin

  11. Davy on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 8:36 am 

    “People can live without money – Banks can’t”. Forbin, I agree to a point. 7BIL people can’t live without money. If we get rid of money we will get a population down to around 1BIL or less. I imagine 500MIL can live without money. Money allows economies to raise carrying capacities.

  12. Davy on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 8:48 am 

    “Caterpillar Posts Record 49 Consecutive Months Of Declining Retail Sales”
    http://tinyurl.com/zukraht
    http://tinyurl.com/hjpdlf9

    “But it is on a global blended basis, where the headwinds facing CAT refuse to go away, and after the latest, December, decline in retail sales of -12%, we find that the company has not reported a single monthly uptick in sales for record 49 consecutive months, or just over 4 straight years, a period which is now 2.5x longer than the far more acute 19 month drop observed during the post-financial crisis period.”

  13. sunweb on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:45 am 

    amazing how shrill and hateful some have become (or actually simply showing themselves) in order to preserve their little corner of the world.

  14. brough on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:54 am 

    I’m pretty sure that antibiotic resistant bacteria will take care of exponential population growth in Africa and much of the other equatorial regions of the planet. The above demigraph still rings true, bacteria infection is no respector of age.

  15. penury on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:56 am 

    We seem to be experiencing the worst of all worlds, but it will get worse. Climate change whether you believe it or not will continue, growing conditions for food crops are and will continue to change, some better some worse and some which will eliminate major food crops. Combine with elevated temperatures and migration is assured. Personal, corporate, state and other gov bodies have record debts, pension plans and other social benefits are close to or in bankruptcy, EU wants to increase military spending, probably financed by Greek pensions and the U.S. stock markets sets new record highs. No sense mentioning the major problems everyone is aware of those. When will the crash occur? I wish I could know I want out of town before she blows.;

  16. Go Speed Racer on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 10:58 am 

    Some sort of bullshit fiction in this article.
    Because they say population is going down and
    that is bullshit.

    And they say consumption is going down,
    and that is bullshit.

    Economy will collapse but
    not because of this article.

  17. efarmer on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 11:07 am 

    No baby faced buyers for boomer consumers turned gray consumption deumpers in their old age? Okay, what idiot told the kids that our money is just a made up and widely shared illusion? What rotten damn timing for me…

  18. Sissyfuss on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 4:21 pm 

    What’s a deumper, e?

  19. Kenz300 on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 6:30 pm 

    Birth Control Options: Pictures, Types, Side Effects, Costs, & Effectiveness

    http://www.webmd.com/sex/birth-control/ss/slideshow-birth-control-options?ecd=wnl_day_010817&ctr=wnl-day-010817_nsl-ld-stry&mb=dtfWIHfXZxtqE9pudELmLeHnVev1imbCq%2f0xB3s74mA%3d

  20. penury on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 8:36 pm 

    I suppose that I am a member of a very small group. Its too late for mitigation, it is too late for fancy hide away in New Zealand or unused bomb silos in Nebraska or Montana. The party is over, now comes the hangover. All the garbage will be with us and continue to destroy the environment the other species will continue to die off and so will we.

  21. makati1 on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:09 pm 

    penury, we are both in that small group. Realists? Certainly not Denialists. This time, you can run, but you cannot hide. Even in New Zealand.

    If you go to the website: https://earth.nullschool.net/ you can watch the global weather changing, the wild dips in the Jet Stream, the unusual ocean temperatures, etc. I look at it daily and am glad I live beyond the reach of the JS and in a more even zone near the equator where the weather is not so erratic.

    Sometimes we have too much access to world events or facts for our sanity. But, I prefer to know than to be blindsided by events. Americans are in the dark and want to believe in their own “exceptional” country not suffering as much or as fast as the rest of the world. They are the most unprepared for what is coming. I like being in your “Small group”.

  22. Apneaman on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:15 pm 

    Industrial civilization cannot be maintained much longer. The evidence is all around. Just connect the dots and the picture is obvious.

    Affordable water may soon dry up, especially if you live here

    “Two years ago, a survey of 30 major U.S. cities found water bills rose by 41 percent between 2010 and 2015. This dilemma is well-documented in Detroit, where 50,000 households have lost water access since 2014, or in Philadelphia, where 40 percent of the city’s 227,000 water bills are past due.”

    http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/affordable-water-may-soon-dry-especially-live/

  23. Apneaman on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:30 pm 

    I don’t give a shit about Africa because they will all be migrating to Europe when AGW consequences make their lives unlivable. I hear they love Holland. Migration is one of the corner stones of evolution and of the humans story as well. With the exception of antarctic the humans colonized the entire planet. Nothing migrates like the humans. Evolution recognizes no borders. The survival instinct is more powerful than the puny humans laws and rules. It’s not survival of the fittest, but rather survival of the most adaptable. Adaptable to a changing environment. Migration is adapting.

  24. dissident on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:52 pm 

    So much hate for Africans. Go and buy a clue, numbskulls. The population of Africa is 1.2 billion as of 2016. The whole continent has the same population as India and less than China. The global population is 7.4 billion. How can Africa be a problem when it accounts for 16% of the total population of the planet. Maybe NATO with its 11% is the source of the world’s population problems too.

    http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/africa-population/

    The fertility rate for Africa is dropping and the median age is increasing.

  25. GregT on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 9:58 pm 

    “I hear they love Holland.”

    Not a long term solution Apnea. Better to migrate to higher ground. Half of the Netherlands are likely to be underwater at some point during this century. Judging from the accelerating rate of melt, probably much sooner than later.

  26. Theedrich on Wed, 25th Jan 2017 11:12 pm 

    In Welcome to the Universe: An Astrophysical Tour, astrophysicist J. Richard Gott writes, “Our species (Homo sapiens) is about 200,000 years old.  That goes back to Mitochondrial Eve, in Africa, from whom we are all descended.” … “Homo erectus, our parent species, lasted 1.6 million years, and the Neanderthals lasted only about 300,000 years.  Mammal species have an average longevity of 2 million years, and other groups of species on Earth have average longevities of between 1 and 10 million years.” … “Intelligence and longevity do not seem to be correlated.  This should give us pause. … Einstein was very smart, but he did not last longer than the rest of us.  Intelligence may not be all that helpful for species longevity. … [M]ost species die off without progeny.  In this regard, note that all other species in our hominid family (including the Neanderthals, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo erectus, Homo erectus, Homo habilis, and Australopithicus) have gone extinct.  We are the only hominid species left. … [T]he current age of our entire intelligent lineage is only 200,000 years (only 1/65,000 of the age of the universe) and, therefore, our entire intelligent lineage is not likely to go on forever, and its future lifetime should have the same limits as those we found for our species.  We might well be the only intelligent species in our lineage — given that we observe that we are the first.  This accords with Darwin’s observations that most species leave no descendants when they go extinct.”  And:  “I was able … to set a 95%-confidence upper limit on the mean longevity of radio-transmitting civilizations:  12,000 [years].”

    Note that 12,000 years is Gott’s UPPER limit on such civilizations.  (Read his book for a detailed explanation of his mathematical reasoning.)  Our radio-transmitting activity is only about 1½ century old, but the resistance by religious nuts (like the current Pope, not to mention maniacal Mohammedanism) and quasi-religious, nihilist Leftists to evolution and to ethnic cleansing of any type militates against our existing much longer.  All the forces of the left, such as the mainstream media, Georg Sörös & Co., the Demonic Party, the fast-breeding, evironment-destroying darklings (and note that the author of the above article largely omits Africa except to say, without giving statistics, that “even Africa is rapidly slowing”), and White genosuicidists, et cetera, are pushing for predatory parasitism on Whitey, the only sub-branch of Homo sapiens able to rise from the swamp primeval.  Government by sob story is being pushed by all these microcephalics-loving forces.

    The reason the Left is currently losing its collective mind over Trump is precisely because they want to continue the Wiley E. Coyote levitation off the cliff.  It suspects that the Trump phenomenon will, by brute force (i.e., border wall, “extreme vetting,” “nationalism = Hitlerism,” deliberate overexpenditures, and the like), obey evolution and compel Whitey to pull back from the brink.  In other words, sinister side precognizes that we have indeed come to the edge of the cliff, the final limit to growth, and that we are hitting the wall — NOW.  Hence its primal scream.

  27. GregT on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 12:35 am 

    “In other words, sinister side precognizes that we have indeed come to the edge of the cliff, the final limit to growth, and that we are hitting the wall — NOW.”

    Yup, and we’re all in this together. Red, white, black, brown, and yellow. Unfortunately, it has been whitey that has been most responsible for speeding the process up. An evolutionary dead end we are. If only we had of been satisfied with hunter/gathering. Our species might have survived for a little bit longer on the evolutionary scale. Us greedy fucking white people.

  28. joe on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 12:39 am 

    It seems the probability of planet with a nikle/iron spinng core generating a magnetosphere with liquid surface water and enough oxygen to support large and complex living organisms is pretty high. Then the chances of an intelligent animal capable of understanding and moulding that planet must be higher. Then the probability of man lasting as long as the crocodile, shark or birds must be even higher (those animals are very young in geological scales). It seems our luck has to run out.
    Our laws of physics tell us that whatever can happen, will happen. Perhaps the chances of there being another planet like ours with intelligent and peaceful creatures is so high that it would take longer than the lifespan of this universe for us to find them.
    I think I will put my hopes in the idea of the wider muliverse and have faith in the notion of the undying future of indestructible energy that we see around us, that we probably have run this experiment before and gotten different results and we will probably run this experiment again many many many billions of years from now.
    Never forget that nothing that made us is unique in the universe, therefore the only possible truly unique possible element in our existence is God because God can create humans as many time as he wants on any planet he wants. The idea that we owe the Earth a future is repugnant to me, the universe spawned life either by God or automatically and that universe spawned intelligent life. No human, however genius, imagined itself into existence. Our activites and our extinction is as valid as any other creature that ever walked the earth. You are more unique than the most precious gem man ever worshipped, even all your faults and flaws. The challange of life is to elevate yourself, not to stick in the mire. When peak oil destroys this capitalist system, our true value as a species will be tested but we dont have the right to judge the results.

  29. GregT on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 12:56 am 

    “Then the chances of an intelligent animal capable of understanding and moulding that planet must be higher.”

    A truly intelligent animal would know better than to make any attempt to mould it’s planet. A truly intelligent animal would understand that without it’s natural life support systems, it would perish. Whether there is actually any intelligent life in the universe remains to be seen. It definitely does not exist on the planet Earth, unless one includes what we humans consider to be lesser life forms. We humans are not it, at least not collectively.

  30. Davy on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 5:16 am 

    A truly intelligent animal might become truly intelligent by making the mistake of attempting to mold a planet in its image. To be fair to our species much of what we did was just our nature. Our nature can only be part of Nature so this is in some weird way nature’s bidding. It may be the case that real intelligence has to come the hard way from the failure of a false intelligence. Real intelligence is found in the wisdom to say no not like ours that is always saying yes. If we survive a possible bottleneck we may find the sapience as a species to endure for a time. It is pretty apparent from science that apex species like humans don’t last that long in the evolutionary scheme of things. Considering intelligence is likely an evolutionary pathway of life then time and space will allow it again. I see no reason why life is not elsewhere now and no reason why life is not intelligent there. I see little that says our human intelligence is special when I look out at a clear starry night here at the farm. We succeeded in digging into the deepest realities and reached out to the expansive universe. We did that only to see just how little we know about all that and ourselves.

    We feel very alone now all hooked up by our vast networks of connectivity. The reason we are so alone is we have separated ourselves from the Ecos. We no longer have a place to lay our head because of self-consciousness and the reckless human pursuit of progress. We once had a natural spirituality of tribe, family, and ecosystem. Most of our 200,000 years we developed within this envelope. We were successful until we opened the door to civilizations. It has all been downhill from there for us as a species and for the Ecos. We have destroyed a planetary system and soon the climate will have been disrupted beyond normal conditions for what is left. This is a process above our impatience so we may never know how it unfolds except through our gift and curse of abstract vision.

    Real intelligence would reflect on this failure and find in it wisdom. A new man can and might be in the making. It is these kind of evolutionary disruptions that bring about these changes. This is surely beyond our experiences but we can contribute towards it and by doing that be a part of it. We can leave some wisdom for the next “man”. That could be a higher meaning if one cares about meaning. Gifts are one of the highest expressions a human can bequeath. Those of you who are looking for meaning there you go. Or, you can pursue your narcissism self-aggrandizement. I don’t think nature cares but I feel it does matter for us as a people here and now.

  31. Mitch on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 10:30 am 

    To Davy: Your balanced and thoughtful perspectives lend wisdom to an often fractious discussion. I thank you for the time and care that sharing them obviously requires.

  32. Apneaman on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 11:04 am 

    Greg, there are no solutions, long term or otherwise for the humans. Just talk. Gizillions and gazillions of empty words. Our biologly precludes any solutions, because any and all solutions require the humans to do with less, including breeding, and that has not happened, nor will it – ever. Least not voluntarily. I think it’s fair to say that the strong warnings go back many many decades and what have we done? Gone the opposite way. Embraced globalism in the face of serious warning from the most knowledgeable people on the planet based on clear data. The only thing one really needs to see the big picture are the big metrics. They climb yearly, in lockstep with the endless talk and hopium. Someone should create a magical thinking/hopium graph/chart to go with the others. It’ll be a hockey stick too. The humans are not in control and can’t really help themselves. They are following their biological programming like all others. That big abstract brain has resulted in the only thing it could have. A technological cancer. I often wonder how many times the same self destructive scenario has played out on other planets? I also think some of them escaped and came to earth. It’s the only explanation for creatures like clogo.

  33. Sissyfuss on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 11:39 am 

    Wow, Aper, Clog is an alien. That would explain a lot. I wonder if he’s illegal too.

  34. makati1 on Thu, 26th Jan 2017 6:52 pm 

    Ap, and we are the only species that sees our coming extinction. Perhaps that is the most telling sign of “intelligence”. That we get to experience the pain and fear of knowing. Or not. Even now, most humans have no idea, or, if they do, they try to ignore it. Many examples even on this site.

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