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Page added on November 10, 2019

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How Scientists Got Climate Change So Wrong

How Scientists Got Climate Change So Wrong thumbnail

Few thought it would arrive so quickly. Now we’re facing consequences once viewed as fringe scenarios.

For decades, most scientists saw climate change as a distant prospect. We now know that thinking was wrong. This summer, for instance, a heat wave in Europe penetrated the Arctic, pushing temperatures into the 80s across much of the Far North and, according to the Belgian climate scientist Xavier Fettweis, melting some 40 billion tons of Greenland’s ice sheet.

Had a scientist in the early 1990s suggested that within 25 years a single heat wave would measurably raise sea levels, at an estimated two one-hundredths of an inch, bake the Arctic and produce Sahara-like temperatures in Paris and Berlin, the prediction would have been dismissed as alarmist. But many worst-case scenarios from that time are now realities.

Science is a process of discovery. It can move slowly as the pieces of a puzzle fall together and scientists refine their investigative tools. But in the case of climate, this deliberation has been accompanied by inertia born of bureaucratic caution and politics. A recent essay in Scientific American argued that scientists “tend to underestimate the severity of threats and the rapidity with which they might unfold” and said one of the reasons was “the perceived need for consensus.” This has had severe consequences, diluting what should have been a sense of urgency and vastly understating the looming costs of adaptation and dislocation as the planet continues to warm.

In 1990, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Nations group of thousands of scientists representing 195 countries, said in its first report that climate change would arrive at a stately pace, that the methane-laden Arctic permafrost was not in danger of thawing, and that the Antarctic ice sheets were stable.

Relying on the climate change panel’s assessment, economists estimated that the economic hit would be small, providing further ammunition against an aggressive approach to reducing emissions and to building resilience to climate change.

As we now know, all of those predictions turned out to be completely wrong. Which makes you wonder whether the projected risks of further warming, dire as they are, might still be understated. How bad will things get?

So far, the costs of underestimation have been enormous. New York City’s subway system did not flood in its first 108 years, but Hurricane Sandy’s 2012 storm surge caused nearly $5 billion in water damage, much of which is still not repaired. In 2017, Hurricane Harvey gave Houston and the surrounding region a $125 billion lesson about the costs of misjudging the potential for floods.

The climate change panel seems finally to have caught up with the gravity of the climate crisis. Last year, the organization detailed the extraordinary difficulty of limiting warming to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius), over the next 80 years, and the grim consequences that will result even if that goal is met.

More likely, a separate United Nations report concluded, we are headed for warming of at least 5.4 degrees Fahrenheit. That will come with almost unimaginable damage to economies and ecosystems. Unfortunately, this dose of reality arrives more than 30 years after human-caused climate change became a mainstream issue.

Conventional wisdom, in the 1950s,

on the pace of major climate change:

8,000 years

Each large square = 100 years

1960s through the ’80s:

Centuries or millenniums

1990s to today:

5 to 50 years

Conventional wisdom, in the 1950s, on the pace of major climate change:

8,000 years

Each large square = 100 years

1960s through the ’80s:

Centuries or millenniums

1990s to today:

5 to 50 years

The word “upended” does not do justice to the revolution in climate science wrought by the discovery of sudden climate change. The realization that the global climate can swing between warm and cold periods in a matter of decades or even less came as a profound shock to scientists who thought those shifts took hundreds if not thousands of years.

Scientists knew major volcanic eruptions or asteroid strikes could affect climate rapidly, but such occurrences were uncommon and unpredictable. Absent such rare events, changes in climate looked steady and smooth, a consequence of slow-moving geophysical factors like the earth’s orbital cycle in combination with the tilt of the planet’s axis, or shifts in the continental plates.

Then, in the 1960s, a few scientists began to focus on an unusual event that took place after the last ice age. Scattered evidence suggested that the post-ice age warming was interrupted by a sudden cooling that began around 12,000 years ago and ended abruptly 1,300 years later. The era was named the Younger Dryas for a plant that proliferated during that cold period.

At first, some scientists questioned the rapidity and global reach of the cooling. A report from the National Academies of Science in 1975 acknowledged the Younger Dryas but concluded that it would take centuries for the climate to change in a meaningful way. But not everyone agreed. The climate scientist Wallace Broecker at Columbia had offered a theory that changes in ocean circulation could bring about sudden climate shifts like the Younger Dryas.

And it was Dr. Broecker who, in 1975, the same year as that National Academies report playing down the Younger Dryas, published a paper, titled “Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?” in which he predicted that emissions of carbon dioxide would raise global temperatures significantly in the 21st century. This is now seen as prophetic, but at the time, Dr. Broecker was an outlier.

Then, in the early 1990s, scientists completed more precise studies of ice cores extracted from the Greenland ice sheet. Dust and oxygen isotopes encased in the cores provided a detailed climate record going back eons. It revealed that there had been 25 rapid climate change events like the Younger Dryas in the last glacial period.

The evidence in those ice cores would prove pivotal in turning the conventional wisdom. As the science historian Spencer Weart put it: “How abrupt was the discovery of abrupt climate change? Many climate experts would put their finger on one moment: the day they read the 1993 report of the analysis of Greenland ice cores. Before that, almost nobody confidently believed that the climate could change massively within a decade or two; after the report, almost nobody felt sure that it could not.”

In 2002, the National Academies acknowledged the reality of rapid climate change in a report, “Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises,” which described the new consensus as a “paradigm shift.” This was a reversal of its 1975 report.

“Large, abrupt climate changes have affected hemispheric to global regions repeatedly, as shown by numerous paleoclimate records,” the report said, and added that “changes of up to 16 degrees Celsius and a factor of 2 in precipitation have occurred in some places in periods as short as decades to years.”

The National Academies report added that the implications of such potential rapid changes had not yet been considered by policymakers and economists. And even today, 17 years later, a substantial portion of the American public remains unaware or unconvinced it is happening.

NY Times


105 Comments on "How Scientists Got Climate Change So Wrong"

  1. zapp on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 9:46 am 

    never underestimate the exponential function.

  2. Hella Wayttago on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 9:49 am 

    This is all a hoax — those “scientists” planted those ice cores same time they buried the fake dinosaur bones. It’s all part of their globalist agenda to take away our freedoms.

  3. shortonoil on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 10:17 am 

    Sea levels began to rise after the end of the last ice age; 12,000 years ago. They have risen about 450 feet since then. They will keep rising until the next ice begins. The earth is in the Pleistocene, the most climatically variable period in the last 32 million years, so we can expect to see some dramatic climate changes. Since neither of these obvious, well known, and intensely studied effects are mentioned the best correlation can most likely be found in relation to the size of their research grant.

  4. Cloggie on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 11:22 am 

    E-beer (Heineken goes green with wind turbines & e-trucks) and electric inland shipping (Nedcargo):

    https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2019/11/10/green-corridor/

  5. Outcast_Searcher on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 12:11 pm 

    And yet, a huge proportion of people STILL think it’s a hoax and make it politically difficult to take meaningful action.

    And this isn’t just in the US, given how little is actually being done globally, given how the Paris Climate Accords are largely a giant can kick to keep current politicians in office and let the consequences fall to the next generation.

    There may not be enough available resources and Star Trek tech to deal with it when humanity finally wakes up to the problem enough to take it seriously.

  6. Duncan Idaho on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 12:30 pm 

    Taxpayers lose nearly $2 billion a year to subsidize logging on public lands– we live in a corporate kleptocracy.

  7. dissident on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 1:43 pm 

    Scientists didn’t get it wrong. Nobody listens to them and instead they lap up the intellectual excrement of deniers and political operators (aka pundits) who push an agenda. If a scientists makes a dire prediction based on the science, they are accused of being an alarmist and their career suffers. The hostile political climate created against climate science is what should be blamed for the overly conservative tone of the climate science community. Censorship by any other name.

  8. Robert Inget on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 3:44 pm 

    Australia’s biggest city threatened.

    https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-50365131

  9. Zeke Putnam on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 3:45 pm 

    We need to understand that scientists are facing changes never before experienced so this is a learning curve. Thing will and are changing. Their biggest challenge is ignorant masses who, like school children, wait to be told instead of educating themselves. In addition, hundreds of millions of dollars have been poured into propaganda by wealthy elites who care less about human costs. The future is grim at best.

  10. Duncan Idaho on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 4:23 pm 

    Weather Underground?
    (most of you have no idea)
    Progressive lawyer wins San Francisco district attorney race, continuing national reform trend
    https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Progressive-lawyer-wins-San-Francisco-district-14823810.php

  11. Duncan Idaho on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 4:35 pm 

    Hint:
    “I was in diapers when my parents left me with the babysitter to participate in an armored car robbery,” he said. “They never came home.”

  12. peakyeast on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 4:52 pm 

    “Had a scientist in the early 1990s suggested that within 25 years a single heat wave would measurably raise sea levels, at an estimated two one-hundredths of an inch”

    I am sure they didnt even consider being able to measure that with any real confidence.

  13. peakyeast on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 4:57 pm 

    The only reason why climate change is a problem is because we have VASTLY outgrown the natural support systems and good places to live.

    IOW: Extreme overpopulation.

  14. Rik on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 5:20 pm 

    We need jobs and less taxes, not climate change alarmism.

  15. DerHundistLos on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 6:18 pm 

    Rik-

    Stop coming off as a denialist bot. Talking points will get you nowhere.

  16. makati1 on Sun, 10th Nov 2019 7:06 pm 

    “US Economic Statistics: “Unreliable Numbers””

    https://www.globalresearch.ca/us-economic-statistics-unreliable-numbers/5694262

    “The US government and Western media enjoy accusing China of producing unreliable numbers, but it is widely recognised that there are no national economic statistics in the world as deliberately unreliable and misleading as those of the US..

    Unemployment is more than twice as high as officially stated,
    inflation more than three times, and
    GDP less than two-thirds of the published numbers.
    The same is true with statistics on wages, housing, and more.

    Many researchers have published studies demonstrating that the official US economic statistics in nearly all areas are badly distorted to paint a positive picture widely divergent from reality.”

    As I have been saying for a long time, Lies and hypocrisy are the main truths about Amerika. Delusional, insane leaders supported by dumbed down, delusional, brainwashed, tax slaves. All deserving what is in store for them.

  17. REAL Green on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 7:17 am 

    “THE SECOND GENERATION OF VERTICAL FARMING”
    https://tinyurl.com/snr8pta agriculture
    https://tinyurl.com/rmedjpu image

    “Vertical farming practitioners claim to be pioneering the third agricultural revolution. Vertical farming is the practice of growing produce in vertical stacks using soil, hydroponics or aeroponics to deliver water and nutrients to the plants. With seemingly higher-quality produce that is grown efficiently, locally and with a potentially lower environmental footprint, the industry appears to be a promising answer to the rising need for sustainable farming methods…First-generation technology enables the basic functions of a vertical farm to occur without the constant intervention of human operators. Second-generation technology enables the growing process to not only be automated but also be continuously optimized to the requirements of the plants being grown…When vertical farms were being established around the world about a decade ago, they employed 1st generation technology. These operations showed it was possible to grow food — and other plants — in vertical structures, thus enabling a more efficient use of land. On average, 2nd generation vertical farms yield 55 times more produce per unit of area compared with conventional farms. For the first time in modern history, food could be grown in cities, where it is eaten…In a vertical farm, LEDs (light-emitting diodes), which provide light to the plants, are more efficient than other forms of artificial lighting that were used in the past (fluorescent and incandescent), resulting in lower operating costs. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), LED lighting efficiency is expected to increase by an extra 70% by 2030. The pricepoint also continues to drop. Labor expenses will be tackled by automation. Many startups and some capital-backed growers are developing technologies to help vertical farms reduce their dependence on human labor, with remarkable achievements.”

  18. REAL Green on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 7:26 am 

    Bodhi Paul Chefurka: Carrying capacity, overshoot and sustainability
    http://energyskeptic.com/

  19. JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:28 am 

    Climate Change is not rocket science. The problem is us. We can’t control ourselves. The easiest way to remediate this is to get sterilized. I had a Vasectomy decades ago, which freed me to fuck like a rabbit all my life without any cares or concerns. The worst mistake a human can make at this point in time is to produce biological offspring. If you want children in your life, adopt, foster, or become a teacher, doctor, or social worker. There are hundreds of millions children in the world whose parents are overwhelmed and need a hand.

  20. Sissyfuss on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:46 am 

    “Arctic switches to a carbon source due to winter soil emissions.” Science Daily.
    This is a behemoth of a tipping point, from a sink to a source. It will accelerate methane release from both melting permafrost and hydrates release. This is beyond faster than expected. This is full blown McPherson who states we have 5 years left before runaway warming destroys habitat and eliminates we pesky hominids. Being a doomer is becoming too conservative a philosophic position.

  21. full woke supremacist muzzies jerk maximum juanp on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:52 am 

    JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:28 am
    Supertard muzzie in Virginia performed surgery on infidels to prevent the children only muzzies can reproduce

  22. juanp on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:59 am 

    My partner and I fooling around
    He is enormous

  23. full woke supremacist muzzies jerk maximum newspeak on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 9:02 am 

    Muzzie in India call for sharia
    Muzzies killed tons of dotheads during partition of India so why muzzies in India.
    The killing happened in modern day but dotheads love muzzies so much they don’t know anything
    Thanks supertard for using colorful language

  24. JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 9:28 am 

    Multi color stupid:

    full woke supremacist muzzies jerk maximum newspeak said Muzzie in India call for sharia Muzzies killed ton…

    juanp said My partner and I fooling around He is enormous

    full woke supremacist muzzies jerk maximum

    juanp said JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 8:28 am Supertard muzz…

    JuanP said Climate Change is not rocket science. The problem…

    Davy Approves this Message said Why does Davy constantly fixate on the cock (ebony…

    JuanP is a sexual pervert

  25. JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 9:52 am 

    I see this website hasn’t improved a bit since the last time I was here. I am so glad I never had children when I observe what you all are and what you are doing to the planet. What a bunch of ignorant, retarded lunatics most of you are ! ROFLMFAO!

  26. Davy on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:20 am 

    Thanks for dropping by JuanP. I missed you real bad. I’ve been thinking about you every hour of every day since you been gone. BTW, your rite. I should have had a vasectomy. My kids are gonna suffer terribly.

  27. full woke supremacist muzzies jerk maximum newspeak on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:37 am 

    Why whitey supertard such whor for muzzies coq. The saying goes if you dont enjoy (((supremetard))) coq then you feast all coq esp. Muzzies coq. Putting muzzies akbar sayeed in position of authority is such example. Search Google for example of muzzie Maulana Badruddin Ajmal coq
    Thank supertard for using colorful language

  28. JuanP ID theft and mental illness on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:38 am 

    Stupid stuff:

    Davy said Thanks for dropping by JuanP. I missed you real ba…

    JuanP said I see this website hasn’t improved a bit sin…

    fuck juanp

  29. The Board on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:39 am 

    Let people in peace, JuanP. You are not welcome here.

  30. An American citizen on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:40 am 

    Go home to your turd world country you are not welcome here. fucknut

  31. Davy on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 11:28 am 

    It hurts my widdle feelings real bad knowing that JuanP is an American citizen now.

  32. JuanP ID theft on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:13 pm 

    This is from stupid:

    Davy said It hurts my widdle feelings real bad knowing that…

    JuanP, you are a liar and a thief

    fuck juanp

  33. Davy on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:48 pm 

    Oops, sorry for getting all triggered and losing my widdle temper again y’all.

    I can’t help myself.

  34. Cloggie on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:53 pm 

    https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2019/11/11/port-of-rotterdam-to-build-largest-green-hydrogen-plant-in-europe/

    “Port of Rotterdam to Build Largest Green Hydrogen Plant in Europe”

    Scale: 45,000 tonnes hydrogen per year or the equivalent of absorbing 250 MW of renewable electricity.

  35. JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:56 pm 

    Oops, sorry for getting all stupid and losing my mind

  36. More Insane Davy ID Theft and Projections on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 1:07 pm 

    JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:56 pm

    “Oops, sorry for getting all stupid and losing my mind”

  37. Davy childish ID theft again on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 1:28 pm 

    The Board on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:39 am

    An American citizen on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:40 am

  38. JuanP garbage on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 2:50 pm 

    more stupid shit from stupid:

    Davy childish ID theft again said The Board on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 10:39 am An Ameri…

    More Insane Davy ID Theft and Projections said JuanP on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 12:56 pm “Oops, sorry…

    ban the asshole please

  39. More Davy Garbage on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 4:03 pm 

    JuanP garbage on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 2:50 pm

    Ban the lunatic please

  40. Rik on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 4:18 pm 

    I’m allergic to (((supremetard))) coq.
    I love muzzies coq. I’m a muzzies lover so it fits me snugly

  41. Another Davy Sock Puppet on Mon, 11th Nov 2019 4:32 pm 

    Rik

  42. Cloggie on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 1:39 am 

    The village of Nagele is going to be the first fossil-fuel-free village in the Netherlands. Core of the plan is to build a large storage of seasonal heat:

    https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2019/11/11/seizoensopslag-van-warmte-in-nagele/

  43. Davy on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 3:36 am 

    “The village of Nagele is going to be the first fossil-fuel-free village in the Netherlands.”

    Bullshit, much of their food and consumer products are drenched in FF. All the building products for your non-FF equipment is drenched in FF. The town itself was built with ff. Brick, concrete, and metals all drenched in ff. There is no escaping ff only getting away from them relatively.
    While I applaud the effort please keep things in perspective.

  44. Davy on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 3:41 am 

    “The Country Using The Most Electricity May Surprise You”
    https://tinyurl.com/yhwhfpud statista

    “In 2017, global electricity consumption increased 2.5 percent to reach 25,721 Twh. When it comes to consumption, China uses the most of any country at 25.9 percent, followed by the United States with 17.5 percent; but, as Statista’s Niall McCarthy notes, on a per capita basis, the situation is different. According to the IEA Atlas of Energy, electricity consumption in Iceland was 54.4 megwatt hours per capita in 2017, the highest level of any country. Infographic: Which Countries Use The Most Electricity? | Statista You will find more infographics at Statista That’s primarily due to abundant natural resources that make electricity production affordable along with energy-intensive industries. The harsh and dark Icelandic climate also contributes to heavy demand for electricity. The situation is similar in Norway which comes second with 23.7 megawatt hours per capita. Bahrain, Qatar and Kuwait follow due to considerable demand for air conditioning.”

  45. Davy on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 4:10 am 

    “Hybrid Shipping: New Trends In Green Cargo Transport”
    https://tinyurl.com/ygxbj7ma clean technica

    “Shipping markets are integral to global supply chains through transporting energy, commodities, and manufactured goods in huge volumes — nearly 80% of the world’s trade in physical goods. Yet the shipping industry burns the world’s dirtiest fuel to move cargoes and passengers around the world. It is one of the biggest contributors to climate change, accounting for up to 3% of global emissions and 10% of transport emissions.”

    “As a result of the need to eliminate greenhouse gas emissions from ships, the industry is now on the brink of a “Fourth Propulsion Revolution,” possibly using a combination of hydrogen/ammonia and batteries powered from renewable energy sources…The essential parts of the Norsepower Rotor Sail Solution are: Rotor Sails, which deliver the forward thrust A control panel, which gives the captain full control of the operation and performance of the Rotor Sail Solution A fully automatic control system, which optimizes the forward thrust of the Rotor Sails A low-voltage electrical power supply to each Rotor Sail In the case of the Estraden, each rotating cylinder drags air around it, forming areas of high and low pressure and producing a forward thrust — reducing some of the demand for the diesel engines. “The two-sail installation is delivering the largest fuel saving of any efficiency technology NAPA has measured,” says Jouni Salo, NAPA spokesperson. “We talk figures of Rotor Sails being effective 80% of sailing time, 460kW average propulsion boost, and 1.5MW peaking for 10% of time.”

  46. Rik on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 8:27 am 

    I dont do (((supremetard))) dik. I love muzzies dik. Thanks supertard foe using colorful language. Thanks foe working on my project but I closed it

  47. JuanP sock garbage on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 8:32 am 

    stupid is up:

    Rik said I dont do (((supremetard))) dik. I love muzzies d…

    #bantheasshole#

  48. Rik on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 12:18 pm 

    Im a muzzie lover. I chomp on muzzies dik like no tomorrow. Thanks supertard for using colorful language

  49. Cloggie on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 1:57 pm 

    #ClimateChange latest:

    https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2019/11/12/maximum-speed-from-130-to-100-kmh-in-the-netherlands/

    The Dutch government announced rigorous measures to curb nitrogen emissions from transport and agriculture.

    The speedlimit is reduced from 130 back to 100 kmh. Furthermore the cows are put on a different diet, from which they will fart and shit differently.

    Unfortunately, the idea that the Netherlands (40k km2, 17 million) will ever overtake the US (10m km2, 220 million) in agricultural exports, will probably never materialize. Dutch agricultural output will have to be reduced.

    https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2018/01/the-netherlands-is-the-second-largest-agricultural-exporter-after-us/

    “The Netherlands is the second-largest agricultural exporter after US”

    Our hope is now pinned to the Winter Olympics medal table:

    https://time.com/5169066/final-medal-count-2018-winter-olympics/

    The Netherlands are handicapped by the fact that they have no mountains, so they can’t participate in skying and other sports for which you need slopes. If we had mountains winning should be a piece of cake. Hence the plans to build an artificial mountain in the Netherlands to finally get even with those countries who DO have mountains:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Berg_Komt_Er

  50. JuanP on Tue, 12th Nov 2019 11:38 pm 

    MISSOURI IS THE STATE WHERE MOVING VANS MOST OFTEN TAKE RESIDENTS OUT OF THE STATE

    Outbound moves: 51%

    St. Louis is known as the “Gateway to the West” — but Missourians are often inclined to head on through the gateway to another state. And no amount of St. Louis’ own Budweiser is enough to persuade them to stay.

    Jobs are the reason behind a majority (63%) of the moves out of the Show Me State. Unemployment is higher than in most other states, and job growth has been sluggish.

    More than half the people (56%) moving out of the state are ages 44 and younger, and 73% of those who leave are headed to jobs elsewhere. Aside from the pay, young Reddit users in Missouri complain about the state’s weather extremes, poorly funded public schools, crumbling infrastructure — and they say that “Missouri is a boring state to live in.” By far, the largest group leaving the Show Me State is young people ages 18 to 34.

    A 2018 report lamented that Missouri has a “brain drain” because of a lack of high-paying jobs. “We don’t need any more minimum wage, no-experience-required jobs,” Hank Robinson, a researcher from the University of Missouri at Columbia told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

    Factories have been closing around Kansas City, causing that metro area to lose 1.9% of its manufacturing jobs over the past year, the BLS says. A Harley-Davidson motorcycle plant in K.C. shut down in May 2019, putting 800 people out of work.

    Missourians commenting on Reddit say the state has other drawbacks, including the weather. “Southern hot and humid summers for five months of the year and northern-like winters means rapidly moving from one extreme to the other, writes Meimnot555. “There are bugs. Lots and lots of bugs. Ticks, mosquitoes, flies and things that I don’t know the names of but want your blood call Missouri home.” It has gotten as hot as 121 degrees Fahrenheit with 100% humidity.

    In summary, Missouri is a DUMP. Just ask Davy why he chooses to live in Missiry.

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