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Page added on July 23, 2019
The world faces a dwindling supply of this crucial resource needed to grow food
By 2030, the world’s population is projected to be about 8.5 billion people. Global food security is a major concern for governments – zero hunger is the second most important of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
However, there is a severe conflict between sustainable food production and the use of nonrenewable resources in agricultural systems, particularly phosphate. Phosphorous is a major mineral nutrient required by crop plants for optimal growth and productivity. Phosphate is the only form of phosphorous that plants can absorb — it is often applied to crops as phosphate fertilizer.
Phosphate is obtained through rock mining. Seventy per cent of the world’s phosphate reserves are located in North Africa. China, Russia, South Africa and the United States all have limited quantities of the mineral rock.
Finite resources
Scientists have reported that global phosphate production would peak around 2030, at the same time the global population will reach 8.5 billion people. Several reports have also warned that the global reserve would be depleted within the next 50 to 100 years. Current agricultural practice involves the use of a high amount of phosphate fertilizer in order to achieve optimal plant yield.
This is because of the chemical properties of phosphate, which interacts with soil particles in a way that makes it difficult for the plant to acquire, leaving a large portion of the element in the soil surface.
Because plants can only uptake small amounts of phosphate, a large majority of fertilizer ends up in unwanted places, like bodies of water, making these practices ecologically and financially unsustainable. It is only reasonable to fathom that as phosphate becomes more expensive and may eventually run out, it not only poses a food security threat, but may also pose political crisis between phosphate rich countries and importing countries.
Many researchers across the world are committed to this effort including the Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS) at the University of Saskatchewan. My doctoral research at GIFS investigates the role of mobile molecules in the integration of root and shoot growth under mineral deficiency conditions. The GIFS research team explores how molecules produced at one part of the plant — for example, the shoot — modulates the plants response to mineral stress at another part, like the root.
Understanding phosphate absorption
A stitch in time saves nine, and it is with this in mind that researchers across multiple disciplines are looking for ways to optimize phosphate use in crop plants. Soil scientists seek ways to improve soil phosphate management, while plant biologists have intensified their efforts in understanding how plant can adapt to limited phosphorous.
Indeed, considerable achievements have been made in understanding plants’ adaptive response to low phosphate in soil. For example, when plants are starved of phosphate, they stop the growth of their primary root and grow more secondary roots and root hairs in order to increase their ability to absorb phosphate in soil with lower levels of the mineral. This strategy that is referred to as changes in root system architecture.
Another strategy is that during low phosphate conditions, plants are able to remobilize stored phosphate to other parts of the plant in order to maintain growth and development. During this period too, plants change their gene expression pattern in order to adapt. They increase the expression of genes that are involved in phosphate uptake from the soil; in other words, more effort is committed to looking for and acquiring phosphate.
Interestingly, advancements in genomics and biochemistry have helped us to uncover some of the genes and proteins that control these processes. However, some regulatory genes that control plant response to low phosphate are still unknown, making it difficult to breed crops that are well adapted to low amounts of phosphate.
Protein regulation
This month, a major discovery was reported in the journal Plant Physiology. An international team of scientists discovered a protein in plants that is able to sense phosphorous levels in the soil and then tells the plant to adjust growth and flowering. The protein, called SPX4, regulates the genes that control phosphorous uptake, plant growth and flowering time. It tells the plant when it has acquired enough phosphorous and coordinates with the roots to stop uptake.
This discovery about how a protein integrates nutrient status with development will help us to understand how plants can perform well even with limited phosphorous application.
Another research published in the journal Cell identified a gene that regulates root system architecture. Researchers showed that this gene modulates a plant hormone, ultimately regulating the depth of the root system. Although this research does not directly involve phosphate, a better understanding of root development will also help in the quest for developing crop varieties that have better adaptation to low phosphate.
Considering the problem at hand and the advancements in technology, this is an exciting time to study phosphate signalling in plants and develop crops that can better adapt to low phosphate. This will ultimately help us to produce enough food for the growing population without having an adverse effect on the environment. Government and funding agencies should support more fundamental and applied research that seek to understand how plants behave under low phosphate conditions.
65 Comments on "The world faces a dwindling supply of this crucial resource needed to grow food"
makati1 on Tue, 23rd Jul 2019 8:07 pm
You cannot flush it for hundreds of years and expect it to last forever. Waste is normal these days. Big ag scrapes the fields clean and doesn’t return the minerals by natural fertilizer and plowing the refuse under. It sells you petrochemicals to replace intelligent recycle farming. $$$ over survival.
Maybe now you can see why Russia and China are in Africa and the US is being pushed out? They think ahead. The US does not, if it thinks at all.
Mick on Wed, 24th Jul 2019 4:30 am
Not to worry the world faces a dwindling supply of cheap affordable oil to keep the show going so by 2030 with a smaller population there won’t be a phosphorus problem.
Davy on Wed, 24th Jul 2019 5:21 am
“400 Megawatt Pumped Hydro Facility In Montana Secures $1 Billion In Funding”
https://tinyurl.com/y3xzopc7 clean technica
“One of the principal attractions of the project is that is will be located just 6 miles away from two 500 kV high voltage transmission lines that provide power to the Pacific Northwest. That means there will be no need to build new long distance transmission lines to connect the project to the existing utility grid. The hydro project could help make Montana “the epicenter of Northwest U.S. energy generation potential,” says Absaroka Energy president Carl Borgquist. The pumps and turbines needed to make the Gordon Butte pumped hydro installation operational will be supplied by GE Renewable Energy.”
Sissyfuss on Wed, 24th Jul 2019 8:13 am
Limits to Growth applies to even gene level actions of plants. Homo stupeins will continue to seek more as less becomes the norm.
Dennis on Wed, 24th Jul 2019 9:07 am
People will eat children?
Survivalist on Wed, 24th Jul 2019 3:05 pm
@Dennis
Google Images for search term “Russian Famine”.
Anonymous on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:24 am
Oh God, the peak phosphate morons. Apatite is an incredibly common mineral.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:31 am
“We Will Have To Reboot Our Standard Of Living To Survive As A Nation”
https://tinyurl.com/y6qusmw9 project Chesapeake via zero hedge
“If we want to continue having a country worth living in we need to go back to what we know works and try to build up from there. We no longer have sufficient manufacturing capacity to employ all of the people in this country and any kind of welfare will not work without debasing the currency. This will necessitate 20% of the population going back to living on small farms to insure they have a job and sufficient resources to care for their families. Nothing else in our current situation will work. We have too many unemployed people living off of the state and this will end soon. We will either have a mass exodus from the country or a mass extinction within it. As unpleasant as it sounds that is our future if we do not make substantial changes while we still have time. That time is nearly up. Downsizing our lives and our wants will be a necessary change if we want to salvage something of our future. We have lived too long in fantasy land and now we must come back to reality. The west line has moved and we will never get back all of the production jobs we once had. We must accept that and accept that our country will be less productive and less prosperous in the future and learn to live within our means.”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:31 am
This article makes a point worth facing. It is focused on the US but it applies to the whole world. The world is heading for decline. This is fully evident in the numbers and the science. Techno optimist talk about renewables and EV’s as if they will save us. The numbers and science appear to point to these technologies only being stop gaps and niche applications. The global financial system has grown to such a powerful force that generates capital and economic activity. This force is now spent. It may have years left but the real force of opening up the world to competitive advantage, economies of scale, and large stores of global capital are over. We are now seeing excessive debt, trade problems, and massive unfunded liabilities. These unfunded liabilities are not only in the developed world. These false promises are for the masses in the undeveloped world urged on to a better life through consumerism and growth.
It is clear the system we have become habituated to for decades is heading for a stall. How bad will this inflection be? Will this break point be sudden or multiyear? It will likely be all of the above and spread out over the entire globe but as a whole the process will be general decline. There will be pockets of real growth with sustainable value but the aggregate will be decline which will take everyone down in the long term. Decline means a whole new paradigm. It means dysfunctional networks, economic abandonment, and irrational policy. It means decay that will include some of what science calls chaos and turbulence. These phenomena cannot be modeled well. There is no exact formula for turbulence. We are enamored with techno grandiosity. We think AI will save us. We believe we have an energy transition ready. We discount and dismiss the planetary problems with the web of life and all the cycles that make the planet habitable. We discount and dismiss destructive decline because we believe technology will solve the many problems. The time value of the present habituates us because the lights still go on, gas at the pumps, and food at the store.
We can only talk and plan for the future abstractly. We are looking out 20 to 50 years with theory and this theory is compromised and corrupted by human delusions. It is clear economic affluence and population growth are likely not sustainable at least in regards to positive growth impulses that yield real value. We can grow cancerously with malinvestment and overpopulation and call that growth but it is not actual growth in the sense of being of value for long term betterment. All this growth represents is the blowout of a system that is coming apart in an uncontrolled way. Whether this means a cascading collapse or a long decline is uncertain. This system is self-organizing and beyond a coordinated management. The nature components of our human ecosystem appear to be tipped into a new regime of change. The many vital planetary support systems now appear to be in abrupt change. This change is converging with negative reinforcement and self-organizing meaning it is beyond human management. Different cycles and systems are forcing each other towards destructive change of a complex system. Succession is a powerful force in this situation where every aspect of the planetary system is in flux. This is especially true when you have a species such as ours that is very sensitive to the smallest of changes both economically and environmentally.
Our monocultures and industrial and financial systems do not take destructive change well. They can handle short term change but a longer-term general decline is likely a different story. This means food, water, and energy issues at a time when we are already in overshoot. This then should be a warning to all that it is at least a good chance a time of drastic regime change is ahead. We can’t know for sure but the possibility is strong. Strong means proactive effort to address what could be ahead. The problem is human behavior and the immediacy of life. We as the collective are not up to the task of changing. We are trapped in a situation beyond our collective control for many reasons but most of all the simple math of overshoot is staring us in the face. For some reason we feel exceptional and above the extinction event the rest of the planet is going through. This is going to bite us in the ass soon.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:32 am
REAL Green Deep Adaptation is a call to action for the individual and small communities. You can face this trap and adapt in a relative way. The REAL part is acknowledgment of no escape. The Green part is using the best of the old and new to downsize with dignity and in a way that lowers your foot print. This footprint reduction is for better sustainability that will help mitigate the worst of what is coming. This downsizing also has a moral aspect for those who care. Some people deeply care about the planet. The Adaptation part focuses on going local and low speed. This should occur in a relative way in concordance with the status quo. You can’t leave the destructive status quo but you can harness the best of it to carve out a little bit safer local. Many people can’t do much but everyone can face the numbers and the science honestly. This acknowledgment can at least temper the bad behavior all people have today by being part of the status quo that allows so many negative activities to flourish because of economic and social reasons. Facing the writing on the wall can be achieved by everyone and this can change behavior towards better preparedness.
REAL Green Deep Adaptation is for those awakened to the science and math and capable of understanding the consequences. It is also for those who can do something. Many people can’t do anything for multiple reasons. Some are too old, young, mentally inhibited, and uneducated. Only a small amount of people will be capable of significant change but all people can begin the stages of mental acknowledgment of decay and decline. This means a social narrative paradigm change could happen to all. A social narrative realignment with planetary realities will happen so beat the rush. Those who have the mentality to digest this and the resources to change can take REAL Green to a different level. Those who can should change for themselves and their significant others but also the planet. This is about localization which in todays world is about downsizing. Downsizing if done properly makes the individual leaner and stronger. It must be done properly because the status quo of social norms and economic realities does not tolerate deviation from the plan society has established. There is the element of competition within the status quo that will squash you if you do not respect the rules established.
This means going REAL Green is about relative change with triage and hybridization. Clean out the dead wood per what is best for your local. Embrace some of what was once done when life was tougher and less affluent. Take the best of what is being produced now and the knowledge that modern life offers and combine it with the slower less complicated ways of the past. Do this in a relative way based upon your position in the status quo. Radical change is a trump card you save until needed. Until the day arrives where cascading collapse is self-evident then the call to action is a dance with the status quo. This means being vigilant to current events but not absorbed and coopted. Use the status quo tot leave it. This may not be True Green but only an even smaller amount of people can successfully go True Green. Most people that embrace green are not awakened. They think they are green and their actions will save themselves and the planet but these are really just Fake Green. Fake Green is doing the same thing but with a Green façade.
REAL Green calls on the individual to multitask with the status quo and Deep Adaptation. It is about life boats but also hospices. It is the preparation of pain and suffering and the realization that those close to you and your local environment is going to be torn apart. Hopefully you will be a lucky one and the degree and duration of this destructive process will be manageable. This is where REAL Green Deep Adaptation is so important. You will have prepared yourself mentally and physically for destructive change. You will have done this under the radar screen because you are still apart of the status quo. You will have downsized with dignity and actually added value to your life with meaning. The truth is the ultimate driving force of the awakened. REAL Green Deep Adaptation is about getting closer to the truth. In doing so the planet will fight for you because you will harness the flow of what powers life. What is powering life now is dramatic and abrupt succession of the planet and all its ecosystems. Embrace that instead of fighting it. The current human narrative is dualistic and in separation. Our isolated egos are being herded into a bad situation. Break out of the trap if you can and if you can’t at least muster awareness. We are all going to die but some will die without dignity and prematurely. Even REAL Green people will die this way but they will have gone through the stages of grief that offers truth and with truth there is dignity.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:44 am
“GE Renewable Energy announces two hydropower services contracts in the US”
https://tinyurl.com/yxv29n4k renewable energy world
“GE Renewable Energy announced at HydroVision that it has signed two hydropower contracts in the U.S. one for FirstLight’s Northfield Mountain project and one for PG&E’s Caribou One hydropower station. FirstLight has chosen GE Renewable Energy to design, supply, install and commission a new spherical valve at the 4 x 292-MW Northfield Mountain pumped hydro storage station, New England’s largest energy storage facility. The powerhouse can generate more than 8,700 megawatt-hours of electricity every day. The new valve, which has a 114” internal diameter and weighs approximately 90 tons, will be designed to improve the station’s flexibility by allowing the unit to cycle approximately 10 times per day more often than it currently does. This flexibility is important given the increasing amount of intermittent wind and solar power being used in the region. The project, which is being supported by GE Renewable Energy’s Hydro teams in Denver is scheduled to be completed in 2021.”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:48 am
“An “Earnings Recession” Is Here – Big Companies All Over America Are Reporting Disastrous Financial Results”
https://tinyurl.com/yxpwjswh economic collapse blog
“If the U.S. economy really was “booming”, then corporate earnings would be rising. But that isn’t happening. In fact, we haven’t seen corporate earnings fall like this since the last recession. They fell during the first quarter of this year, and based on the results we have so far, it appears that corporate earnings will be down substantially once again in the second quarter. When corporate earnings drop for two quarters in a row, that is officially considered to be an “earnings recession”, and that normally occurs just before the overall economy plunges into recession territory. As things get tighter for our corporate giants, we should expect a lot more layoffs in the months ahead, and the unemployment rate should rise quite briskly. In other words, it looks like our economic problems are about to accelerate substantially.”
Dumbass Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 8:12 am
“We will either have a mass exodus from the country or a mass extinction within it.”
Hey, wait a minute, I think I might of heard that before somewhere…….
http://www.deagel.com/country/forecast.aspx
More JuanP stealing my ID on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 9:48 am
Dumbass Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 8:12 am
“We will either have a mass exodus from the country or a mass extinction within it.”
Hey, wait a minute, I think I might of heard that before somewhere…….http://www.deagel.com/country/forecast.aspx
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 9:53 am
JuanP if you believe in Deagel’s findings then you are as stupid as you act. I don’t deny the numbers on the US could happen but WTF with those numbers for China and others. Please don’t try to tell me China is going to grow richer without massive population loss and a corresponding decimation of the US. Deagel is totally anti-American agenda-based BS without good understanding of collapse. This is typical shit out of rabid extremist like yourself and others here.
Deagel for Dumbasses on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 11:00 am
The key element to understand the process that the USA will enter in the upcoming decade is migration. In the past, specially in the 20th century, the key factor that allowed the USA to rise to its colossus status was immigration with the benefits of a demographic expansion supporting the credit expansion and the brain drain from the rest of the world benefiting the States. The collapse of the Western financial system will wipe out the standard of living of its population while ending ponzi schemes such as the stock exchange and the pension funds. The population will be hit so badly by a full array of bubbles and ponzi schemes that the migration engine will start to work in reverse accelerating itself due to ripple effects thus leading to the demise of the States. This unseen situation for the States will develop itself in a cascade pattern with unprecedented and devastating effects for the economy. Jobs offshoring will surely end with many American Corporations relocating overseas thus becoming foreign Corporations!!!! We see a significant part of the American population migrating to Latin America and Asia while migration to Europe – suffering a similar illness – won’t be relevant. Nevertheless the death toll will be horrible. Take into account that the Soviet Union’s population was poorer than the Americans nowadays or even then. The ex-Soviets suffered during the following struggle in the 1990s with a significant death toll and the loss of national pride. Might we say “Twice the pride, double the fall”? Nope. The American standard of living is one of the highest, far more than double of the Soviets while having added a services economy that will be gone along with the financial system. When pensioners see their retirement disappear in front of their eyes and there are no servicing jobs you can imagine what is going to happen next. At least younger people can migrate. Never in human history were so many elders among the population. In past centuries people were lucky to get to their 30s or 40s. The American downfall is set to be far worse than the Soviet Union’s one. A confluence of crisis with a devastating result
Dumbass Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 11:04 am
Well lookie there, just like I said in my comment above:
“a mass exodus from the country”
I could be on to something yuge here.
JuanP identity fraud on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:16 pm
Dumbass Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 11:04 am
Well lookie there, just like I said in my comment above:”
Kenz300 on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:17 pm
Too many people and too few resources.
The growing population is unsustainable.
Anti-American? LOL on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:20 pm
“What in the World is Deagel.com?”
https://tinyurl.com/y3f9fbco news focus dot org
“Perhaps most surprising of all is the revelation of who is behind Deagel, and to find that answer, Whois was the solution. Early researchers were able to uncover that the person behind the website was none other than former US government insider, Edwin Deagle.”
“Deagle was Undersecretary of the Air Force under President Bill Clinton. He later became Assistant to the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy Secretary of Defense under Clinton in 1994.”
“Edwin Deagle is also listed as an active member of the CFR.”
“Perhaps most telling of all is the interesting fact that Deagle is the Director for International Relations for the Rockefeller Foundation, one of the leading eugenic supporters in the world.”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:21 pm
“We see a significant part of the American population migrating to Latin America and Asia while migration to Europe – suffering a similar illness – won’t be relevant. Nevertheless the death toll will be horrible.”
Nonesense, juanpee, anyone with a brain knows that the destruction of the financial system will be global and all those supply lines will destroy industry globally. It is only stupid anti-American extremist passionately trying to paint the picture of a destroyed US and a rest of the world rising like a phoenix that would believe the above reference. BTW, fuck nut where is a proper link to reference?? Just more makati1/juanpee/annoymouse shit I have been neutering for years now.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:24 pm
“Perhaps most surprising of all is the revelation of who is behind Deagel, and to find that answer, Whois was the solution. Early researchers were able to uncover that the person behind the website was none other than former US government insider, Edwin Deagle.”
DUH, dumb fuck, you should know by now the most intense anti-American feelings are from low lifes like makato or illegal aliens like you, juanpee. Even dumbass anti-American Canadians like annoymouse can’t compare. Go back to your failed south American, jaunpee, where you belong. I could care less if Deagle is American same shit as a juanpee.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:32 pm
Oops, sorry for losing my shit again everyone. That deagel dot com website makes me real upset like.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:44 pm
“The $6 Trillion Pension Bailout Is Coming”
https://tinyurl.com/y2seu9jj real investment advice via zero hedge
“it is a $70-Trillion global problem, as noted recently by Visual Capitalist. “According to an analysis by the World Economic Forum (WEF), there was a combined retirement savings gap in excess of $70 trillion in 2015, spread between eight major economies…The WEF says the deficit is growing by $28 billion every 24 hours – and if nothing is done to slow the growth rate, the deficit will reach $400 trillion by 2050, or about five times the size of the global economy today.” This is why Central Banks globally are terrified of a global downturn. The pension crisis IS the “weapon of mass destruction” to the global financial system, and it has started ticking.”
JuanP identity fraud on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:45 pm
“Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:32 pm Oops, sorry for losing my shit again everyone. That deagel dot com website makes me real upset like.”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:49 pm
“Chinese Bank With $100 Billion In Assets Is About To Collapse”
https://tinyurl.com/yyjpxddz zero hedge
“While the western world (and much of the eastern) has been preoccupied with predicting the consequences of Trump’s accelerating global trade/tech war and whether the Fed will launch QE before or after it sends rates back to zero, Beijing has quietly had its hands full with avoiding a bank run in the aftermath of Baoshang Bank’s failure and keeping the interbank market – which has been on the verge of freezing – alive. Unfortunately for the PBOC, Beijing was racing against time to prevent a widespread panic after it opened the Pandora’s box when it seized Baoshang Bank, the first official bank failure in an odd replay of what happened with Bear Stearns back in 2008, when JPMorgan was gifted the historic bank for pennies on the dollar. And with domino #1 down, the question turned to who is next, and could it be China’s Lehman. As a reminder, back in May, shortly after the shocking failure of China’s Baoshang Bank (BSB), and its subsequent seizure by the government – the first takeover of a commercial bank since the Hainan Development Bank 20 years ago – the PBOC panicked and injected a whopping 250 billion yuan via an open-market operation, the largest since January. Alas, as we said at the time, it was too little to late, and with the interbank market roiling, with Negotiable Certificates of Deposit (NCD) and repo rates soaring (in some occult cases as high as 1000%) we said that it’s just a matter of time before another major Chinese bank collapses. And, in order to present the list of the most likely candidates, will picked those names that – just like Baoshang – had delayed publishing their latest annual reports, the biggest red flag suggesting an upcoming solvency “event.” The list is below. We were right, because not even two months later, the second biggest bank on the list, Bank of Jinzhou has crawled in Baoshang’s foosteps and is about to be seized by the government.”
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:20 pm
Europe “tanking”? LOL
New solid growth figures for the Port of Rotterdam:
https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/news-and-press-releases/containers-drive-throughput-growth-in-port-of-rotterdam
Rotterdam is the largest harbor of the Atlantic world. The most shocking fact is that ALL ports before Rotterdam are in the East. No American ports in the top 10.
Scroll to the bottom for the ranking:
https://www.portofrotterdam.com/en/our-port/facts-figures-about-the-port
China has long taken over from the US as the premier power on earth.
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:34 pm
First phone call Juncker-Johnson.
Juncker: there will be no renegotiation.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-live-cabinet-brexit-speech-house-commons-latest-updates-a9019951.html
“Boris Johnson news – live: New PM’s Brexit plans instantly rejected by EU, as Tory minister says he is in a ‘no-deal’ cabinet”
The wine will taste excellent again while watching the unfolding drama of the dissolution of the western world on BBC Newsnight!
The geopolitical world is being refactored:
– Europe with Russia (PBM)
– US and Britain (“Oceania”)
– Perhaps Turkey and Iran kicking the West out of ME
– China pushing the US out of East-Asia and taking over the status of #1 super power.
And these days are over:
https://deepresource.wordpress.com/2014/12/05/eu-back-pedaling-on-south-stream/
Europe to become a hard-power.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:48 pm
“What Is Africa’s Role In The New Silk Road?”
https://tinyurl.com/y6xvqs9l zero hedge
“The Center for International Policy points out that Africa’s impending “demographic dividend” will no doubt increase its economic clout:”
“Since 2000, at least half of the countries in the world with the highest annual growth rate have been in Africa. By 2030, 43 percent of all Africans are projected to join the ranks of the global middle and upper classes. By that same year, household consumption in Africa is expected to reach $2.5 trillion, more than double the $1.1 trillion of 2015, and combined consumer and business spending will total $6.7 trillion.”
“The region is expected to grow by 3.8% this year, edging out the global growth forecast of 3.7%. Among the top 10 economies are Ethiopia, Rwanda, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal, Benin, Kenya, Uganda and Burkina Faso. Between 2003 and 2013, Nigeria, population 170 million, averaged about 7% annual growth.
“The IMF expects Ghana, which 30 years ago was a dead loss, to be 2019’s fastest-growing economy, at 8.8%. The country well known for its coffee exports is seeing its GDP given a major kick from oil sales, as crude prices rise and production expands.”
“Africa is the prize”
“In the 1990s, Africa was languishing in debt, disease, droughts and civil wars. Who can forget the failure of the United Nations to stop the massacre in Rwanda?”
“One country that didn’t turn its back, that saw opportunity in Africa, was China.”
“Africa and the New Silk Road ”
“So far over 60 countries, containing two-thirds of the world’s population, have either signed onto BRI or say they intend to do so. According to the Center for Foreign Relations, the Chinese government has already spent about $200 billion on the growing list of mega-projects projects including the $68 billion China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Morgan Stanley predicts China’s expenditures on BRI could climb as high as $1.3 trillion by 2027.”
“Conclusion”
“The rise of Africa is interesting on its own, but when paired with the rise of China, the prospect for the West is actually quite scary.”
“Remember, Russia is part of BRI. The Kremlin and Beijing have already signed billions worth of energy deals, and are talking about a new payments system that allows for trade in rubles and yuan, excluding the US dollar.”
“China was already building the New Silk Road when Trump got elected and started poking the Chinese dragon with the stick of escalating tariffs. The trade war just hastened what China was planning on doing anyway: cut the US out of its trading loop.”
“Meanwhile, hit back at US companies as retribution against the United States which dared to stand in the way of companies like Huawei and ZTE. Build the biggest manufacturing base the world has ever seen, embargo their critical metals, effectively starving their supply chains, and watch them slowly wither and die,”
” as the US continues down its path to self-destruction.”
JuanPee posted this on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:58 pm
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:48 pm “What Is Africa’s Role In The New Silk Road?”
https://tinyurl.com/y6xvqs9l zero hedge
“The Center for International Policy points out “
Davy posted this on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:07 pm
JuanPee posted this on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 2:58 pm
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:17 pm
Two years later Juncker changed his mind:
https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/news/soft-power-is-not-enough-for-eu-says-juncker/
“Juncker: Soft power is not enough for the EU”
One year later (2017):
https://www.politico.eu/article/juncker-makes-big-call-for-eu-defense-push/
“Juncker makes big call for EU defense push:
2016:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/britain-will-veto-eu-army-says-defence-secretary-a7313081.html
“Britain will veto EU army, says Defence Secretary” (2016)
For as long as the UK is a member of the EU, it will block plans for an EU army, says Defence Secretary Sir Michael Fallon
The UK, as always, acts like the Trojan horse in the EU for US interests. Thank God, the UK elite was wrongfooted by its own population with lesser brains and politicians who only want to advance their own careers, the country be damned, and now Europe can finally escape from empire and watch from a safe distance how Anglo whitey is going to be racially bolshevized by its Anglo-Zionist billionair globalist super-elite.
Eastern European rightwing governments are keen to push pacifist Germany in the direction of an EU army:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/european-leaders-push-angela-merkel-for-joint-eu-army-a7211861.html
“European leaders push Angela Merkel for joint EU army”
(2016)
And finally:
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/emmanuel-macron-european-army-france-russia-us-military-defence-eu-a8619721.html
“Emmanuel Macron calls for creation of a ‘true European army’ to defend against Russia and the US”
“We have to protect ourselves with respect to China, Russia and even the United States of America,” Mr Macron told France’s Europe 1 radio in an interview.”
Tellingly Putin supports an EU army (because he wants to join)
https://www.rt.com/news/443677-putin-macron-army-europe-trump/
“Good for multipolar world’: Putin positive on Macron’s ‘European army’ plan bashed by Trump (VIDEO)”
Thanks to Trump and Brexit, Europe can now tunnel away from the Anglo orbit.
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:48 pm
Who cares about a euro army Cloggo. European armies are paper armies now what will change? The only thing that will change is the size of the pig trough. Capabilities will likely fall because of committee defense decisions. JOKE
JuanPee posted this on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:49 pm
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:49 pm
“Chinese Bank With $100 Billion In Assets Is About To Collapse”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 3:52 pm
“Who cares about a euro army”
Obviously I do or I wouldn’t be getting all upset over cloggie’s comment.
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:00 pm
Soft-Brexiteer Corbyn refuses to bring down Johnson government:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7284871/Jeremy-Corbyn-REFUSES-launch-no-confidence-vote-against-Boris-Johnson.html
“Jeremy Corbyn REFUSES to launch no confidence vote against Boris Johnson and turns his fire on new Lib Dem chief Jo Swinson for trying to bring down the government”
Translation: Corbyn wants BoJo to crash the UK out of the EU and set him self up as the savior of the British commoner, form a government and negotiate with the EU a Norway solution.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7286325/Michel-Barnier-dismisses-Boris-Johnsons-unacceptable-Brexit-demands.html
“Brussels braces for Brexit war: Michel Barnier dismisses Boris Johnson’s ‘unacceptable’ call for the Irish backstop to be scrapped and warns the EU will go to the brink of No Deal”
It is almost unescapable:
BoJo will approach the EU in a brutish manner with impossible demands (cancel Backstop).
EU will continue to say: “sign or go” and will not renegoiate.
Commons will again vote down no deal Brexit.
Dead-lock.
EU fed up with the British and will refuse a further extension of Article 50.
Britain will leave the European world for ever and return to splendid isolation, as the junior partner and left at the mercy of the US pimp.
Expect a dynamic where the UK tries to take apart the EU and the EU will try to take apart the UK.
Juanpee on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:06 pm
People who respond to other people’s posts with comments like “WHO CARES” and “JOKE”, are always the people who care the most Davy.
joe on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:17 pm
Cloggie really thinks that the US will not kill every last european before it gives up NATO or its position in Europe. Better dead, than RED fake dutch guy.
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:23 pm
Global Britain latest: BoJo to open third world flood gates:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-7286395/Boris-Johnson-DROPS-long-standing-Tory-immigration-pledge.html
“Boris Johnson DROPS long-standing Tory pledge to reduce number of migrants coming to the UK to ‘tens of thousands’ as the new PM promises to introduce an Australian style points-based system”
Henry Ford’s “World’s Foremost Problem” loves it, right, floppy?
JuanPee posted this on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:34 pm
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 12:49 pm
“Who cares about a euro army”
Obviously I do or I wouldn’t be getting all upset over”
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:42 pm
“People who respond to other people’s posts with comments like “WHO CARES” and “JOKE”, are always the people who”
Nobody even come close to you JuanPee. Your feelings got hurt over a year ago and you have devoted a huge amount of time to mindless low intellectual activity since. I guess you thought you would run me off but instead you run off most of the regulars. Your daily ID fraud and socks demonstrate how worthless you are as a person. This forum could only improve with you gone. I imagine viewership has dropped significantly since you made your dirty behavior routine. People don’t care for stupidity and low intellect combined with an asshole ego. Go choke on fish bone fuck nut. I am still here, you lose.
Davy Identity Theft on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:44 pm
joe on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:17 pm
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:45 pm
Oops, sorry for losing my shit again everyone.
Cloggie on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:48 pm
Cloggie really thinks that the US will not kill every last european before it gives up NATO or its position in Europe. Better dead, than RED fake dutch guy.
You must be pretty desperate to give us that kind of insight in your ghastly little hateful mind.
We are well aware that most anglos are murderous scum, little resentful limey. But Europe has, apart from French nukes, an enormous Eurasian “hinterland” filled with 2 billion people, none of whom are particular fond of anglos. If Europe would team up with them, we could inflict real disaster on you.
https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2018-07-04/europe-turns-down-chinese-offer-grand-alliance-against-us
“Europe Turns Down Chinese Offer For Grand Alliance Against The US”
https://documents1940.wordpress.com/2017/12/03/paris-berlin-moscow/
“Paris-Berlin-Moscow”
You see, murderous anglo scumbag, we have magnificent geopolitical options you don’t have. You are at our total mercy.
Britain is and will remain divided to the core over the Euro-Anglo identity. Likewise America is totally and irreversibly divided over race and will simply fall apart, with or without CW2.
See, little sucker, you are geopolitical toast. Two anglo centuries are coming to an end, not a minute too early. For Anglos who take their white… may I say, European identity serious, there is only one serious option left: leave the sinking anglo ship and begin to call yourself European. Alternatively, happy drowning in the third world! Perhaps we even will drop by and make a picture of it! Wouldn’t that be nice?!
But you, little low caps joe-turd, you need not apply. You don’t have what it takes to be European. Verdict: incurable anglo. Happy drowning!
https://youtu.be/WJheODYpuEI
And remember joey-boy:
“Football is a simple game. Twenty-two men chase a ball for 90 minutes and at the end, the Germans always win.”
Gary Lineker
bullshit juanpee on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:01 pm
Davy Identity Theft on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:44 pm
joe on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:17 pm
juanpee losing his shit on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:01 pm
Davy on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 4:45 pm
“Oops, sorry for losing my shit again everyone.”
JuanP on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:02 pm
“You must be pretty desperate to give us that kind of insight in your ghastly little hateful mind.”
look in the mirror cloggo
More Davy Identity Theft on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:16 pm
JuanP on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:02 pm
More Davy Socks on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:17 pm
bullshit juanpee on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:01 pm
juanpee losing his shit on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:01 pm
Ban juanpee please mods on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:30 pm
“More Davy Socks said bullshit juanpee on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:01 pm ju…
More Davy Identity Theft said JuanP on Thu, 25th Jul 2019 6:02 pm”