Peak Oil is You
Donate Bitcoins ;-) or Paypal :-)
Page added on August 4, 2016
Might the fossil fuel industries implode faster than the clean energy industries can grow to replace them?
In a memorable recent statement, some of Germany’s top scientists argued that “controlled implosion of fossil industries and explosive renewables development” can deliver the targets in the Paris agreement on climate change. Taking this premise at face value, and setting aside the thought that other factors might also be needed, the course of events in July does not offer much hope that “controlled” is a word easily applicable to the array of existential problems currently battering the energy incumbency. And while the clean energy industries continue to make progress, they are clearly not “exploding” as fast as they could. Might it be that the ongoing implosion of fossil fuel industries will happen much faster than the necessarily explosive transition to solutions?
Let me start with coal. The prospects for this bankruptcy-strewn industry grew worse in July. It increasing looks as though the Chinese government’s recent retreat from coal is biting, and that the peak of Chinese coal production in 2014 is real. Prof Nick Stern and others, including Chinese collaborators, argued that we are witnessing “a turning point in the climate change battle” in this development. The latest Chinese announcement is a ban on construction of many coal projects until 2018. The air pollution driving much of their retreat is slow to abate. The same is true of India. NASA data this month showed toxic air choking a vast swathe of the subcontinent, most of it deriving from fossil fuel combustion. Facing all this, even Deutsche Bank, the most recalcitrant of the coal funders, pulled back from deals in the coal mining sector.
The coal industry’s long-hyped escape route from emissions pressure, carbon capture and storage, recedes ever further from economic feasibility. The truth behind one of the few supposed exemplar projects was laid bare this month. The Southern Company’s Kemper coal plant CCS project is more than 2 years behind schedule, more than $4 bn over the initial budget of $2.4 bn, and under SEC investigation for what the New York Times describes as “piles of dirty secrets”.
Investment continues to flow out of coal, and other fossil fuels, as a result of divestment campaigning. Swedish pension fund AP4 made the biggest divestment move of any institution to date in July. The $35bn pension scheme will decarbonise its $14.7bn global equity portfolio by 2020, and invest $3.2bn in passive investment tracking low carbon benchmarks. Increasingly the case for divestment is seen as an economic risk. $33 trillion in fossil fuel revenue is under threat by 2040, according to Mark Lewis of Barclays. His view is particularly significant, because he is on the G20 Taskforce on Climate Related Financial Disclosures, due to table recommendations for action by an increasingly sensitised financial sector later this year.
The oil and gas industry’s prayers for a return to high oil prices have yet to be answered, and as a consequence its parlous state deteriorates. A study of 365 oil and gas megaprojects by Ernst and Young shows 64% with cost overruns, and 73% behind schedule. This dismal delivery record is combining with low oil prices to create a potent squeeze on profitability, as the second quarter results of Big Oil showed clearly. US drillers have hit a new record for junk bond defaults: $28.8 bn so far this year, according to Fitch Ratings. With $500 bn+ outstanding, more bankruptcies can be expected. Some companies are trying to buy time by paying debt interest with more debt.
The industry is trying to innovate its way out of trouble, and as ever makes progress that is impressive, if viewed in a non-holistic frame of reference. Global oil breakeven costs have fallen by fully $19 to a current average of $51 since the oil price started to fall in 2014. The trouble is, the oil price is around $40. Most of the industry’s targets are not just uneconomic, but far from economic.
“Oil giants find there’s nowhere to hide from doomsday market”, read a Bloomberg headline. “The industry cannot survive on current oil prices,” veteran analyst Fadel Gheit pronounced. The bankruptcy count stands at more than 80 companies so far.
So will the oil price rise, and offer some respite? Not according to most analysts. Morgan Stanley expects a fall to $35. (The price is around $40 at the time of writing). The main concern is excessive production of gasoline by refineries (= less crude imported). As ever, others disagree. Core Laboratories point to the net worldwide annual crude oil production decline rate of c. 3.3%, and expect US production to continue falling, meaning tight supply, and rising prices.
Even if the price does rise again, problems continue. The industry faces a huge shortage of workers. 350,000 have been laid off industry-wide since the oil price began falling in 2014. 60% of the fracking workforce has been laid off, 70% of fracking equipment has been idled. It will be difficult to turn the taps back on, as even some of the industry’s own bosses point out. And if the price rises back above $90, a different set of problems emerges, led by the marked historical correlation of periods of high prices with subsequent global recessions. Prices above $90 also markedly improve the relative economics of clean energy projects.
The efforts of much of the oil industry to morph into a gas industry are faring little better. Major LNG projects have hit the rocks, just like major oil projects. Shell has shelved a project in British Columbia. Chevron’s Gorgon Project in Australia has mostly been closed since completion due to gas leaks. US shale drillers make much of the first shipments of their product as LNG, but Citi analysis shows US LNG cannot compete in the Pacific basin.
And then there is the ongoing drama over leakage. It is not an understatement to say, as the New York Times did in July, that the future of natural gas hinges on staunching methane leaks. To be fair to some companies, belated efforts are being made to self-monitor leakage. But more materially, an Environmental Protection Agency data collection programme is now underway on tens to thousands of oil and gas operations. My bet: the net result, industry wide, will be be that gas emerges worse than coal in emissions terms.
And now for what I suspect is the most significant piece of news that I saw in July. Suncor, the main tar sands operator, is discussing with the Canadian government the idea of deliberately stranding some tar sands in a bid to cut both costs for the company, and emissions for the government’s Paris targets. This is a global first.
Another prediction: we should expect a lot more self-stranding, driven increasingly by investor pressure and capital retreat, but also by the industry’s own efforts to escape the vice of both low, and high, oil prices.
So to the question with which I opened this blog: Might it be that the ongoing implosion of fossil fuel industries will happen much faster than than the necessarily explosive transition to solutions?
Of course. The top reason for concern from July was to be found in Bloomberg New Energy Finance’s figures for global investment in renewables in the first half of the year: a sharp fall, down 23% from the first half of 2015. Q2 2015 saw $90 bn invested. Q2 2016 saw $60bn. For comparison, BP learned its final bill (before tax breaks) for the Deepwater Horizon spill this month: $61.6 bn.
One oil company. One oil spill. More cash “clearing up” an avoidable catastrophe than invested in the entire global renewable industry in a full quarter of a year.
This has to change, or we will discover what a “disorderly transition” – to use Carbon Tracker’s understated term – looks and feels like. It may please populist rightist demagogues and their terrifying plans, or lack thereof. But it will not be kind to the prospects of our children and grandchildren.
26 Comments on "Might the fossil fuel industries implode faster than the clean energy industries can grow to replace them?"
Plantagenet on Thu, 4th Aug 2016 7:43 pm
Mr. Leggett is very confused. He imagines that failures of big oil companies will please “populist right demagogues”.
In actuality, it is populist demagogues on the LEFT who want the oil companies to fail. Rightist demagogues are usually pro-Big OIl.
Its this kind of woolly headedness that makes it very hard to discuss issues like climate change and peak oil. Mr. Leggett sees everything through the prism of his own narrow partisanship, rather then actually understanding what is going on.
The reason we want oil companies and coal companies to reduce production and the US economy to phase out carbon based fuels has nothing to do with the right or the left. Its about saving the planet. If a few right or left demagogues get trampled in the process, well then you can’t make an omelette without breaking a few eggs.
Cheers!
makati1 on Thu, 4th Aug 2016 10:13 pm
“Might the fossil fuel industries implode faster than the clean energy industries can grow to replace them?”
Answer: DEFINITELY!!!!! Stupid question.
rockman on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 1:49 am
Once again the child-like claim: coal is dead. All it takes is to ignore a few facts:
And while coal has slipped just a bit the last few years: As of 2013, coal provided approximately 41% of the world’s electricity needs. And at 29% of total world energy supply, coal is second only to oil’s 31% share.
Since the start of the 21st century, coal production has been the fastest-growing global energy source. While provisional IEA figures show a slight decrease in 2014 driven by a decline in China and some exceptional circumstances such as unrest in Ukraine, the IEA sees global supply increasing at an average rate of 0.6% through 2020.
China’s share in global coal production is almost four times that of Saudi Arabia’s in oil output. China represents half of total global coal consumption, making its share of demand more than twice that of the United States for oil. Overall, the Chinese domestic coal market is more than three times that of all international coal trade. In 2011 China became the largest coal importer in the world; however, China’s coal imports make up just 5% of its total coal consumption.
And from the EIA: China and India are the top two coal consumers in non-OECD Asia. India accounts for nearly one-half of the increase in coal consumption from 2012 to 2040, while China contributes less than one-third. China is the leading consumer of coal in the world, using 76 quadrillion Btu of coal in 2012—one-half of the world’s coal consumption and more than four times as much as the United States, which was the world’s second-largest coal consumer in 2012.
And let’s not gloss over that last tidbit the MSM likes to ignore when it points a finger at China: the USA is THE SECOND LARGEST COAL CONSUMER despite all the hollow political rhetoric the public is fed. Such as US coal exports reaching a record high during the beginning of the second term of President Obama, the “greenest” POTUS of all times. I doubt 90% of our population knows that we’re the #2 largest coal consumer. Likewise they would be shocked to learn the US is the 4th largest coal exporter pulling in $5.7 BILLION in 2015. They probably also wouldn’t believe that 4 of the top 15 coal exporting countries are supposedly green-minded European countries.
And lastly: is it necessary to point out the Indian govt proposed plan for expanding coal consumption?
makati1 on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 4:23 am
In other news:
This is how you make war on drugs and be successful.
“The New York Times reported that according to national police logs, 114,833 people turned themselves in — as drug addicts or dealers — since Duterte took office, in the face of the killing spree.”
http://www.ibtimes.com/philippines-drug-war-death-toll-crosses-400-human-rights-activists-condemn-killings-2397227
Of course that was because it threw the fear of death in them …
“After winning presidential elections with a campaign promising to rid the country of drugs and corruption, Philippines’ Rodrigo Duterte is standing true to his aim with over 400 dealers and others already having been killed by police. The state-sanctioned executions are facing widespread criticism from human rights activists.”
Davy on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 6:47 am
There are trade-offs and consequences in life and economics is no difference especially when we are at the end of the line with transition and substitution. When we are far beyond our carrying capacity with consumption and population there are consequences. When technology has hit diminishing returns and technology has become the problem not the solution there are consequences. When all these things happen together at the same time failures occur at the macro systematic level.
We can blame oil but that is ridiculous because it is our way of life that should be blamed. Our attitudes that allowed us to choose an oil based society is what is ridiculous. To be fair we only recently come to realize the full meaning of hitting limits and diminishing returns with the end of our energy transition potential with no substitution. Sure we had various prophets of doom like Malthus and reports like “The End of Growth” but these were dismissed because society can’t handle these conclusions and society readily follows false prophets.
There will be no technology to save us now so we have entered a dangerous complete dependence on a finite depleting resource. We truly believed as a people at all levels we could stay on this growth based dynamics. We have gone all-in and now we are trapped. We thought nuclear would do it. We now have delusional techies and greenies thinking alternatives and efficiency will do it. We also have those who blame oil and the fossil fuel industry like that is going to matter. If you allow the fossil fuel industry to implode you are by extension going to collapse globalism and by extension billions will die likely quickly not in a smooth colored graph. We are talking jagged and sharp in black and white. We are reaching the limits of how reduced we can allow the fossil fuel industry to become and still keep globalism functioning as-is in a status quo basis.
You can’t have your cake and eat it and especially can’t when you are trapped in an existential catch 22. What you have to do is choose the least painful option. Unfortunately as a global society it is not possible for us to choose anything except what we are doing. We are in competitive cooperation where growth policies are favored. Degrowth is not part of the game rules. We are in denial as a global people and delusionally thinking we can keep the status quo going by whatever means. We have economist telling us high population are good for the economy. We have scientist claiming we have new energy sources on the drawing board. We have industrialist and green people claiming alternatives are reaching a breakout and will allow a transition and phase out of fossil fuels. All of this is delusional, denial and wishful thinking. In fact it is very dangerous because at a time when we should be making wise choices because of the consequences of overshoot with limits we are making bad decisions based on faulty assumptions.
We are in effect calling in air strikes on our own position. I am not sure if that is a bad thing other than many of us are going to die. I say a good thing because what we are doing must stop before we completely destroy the earth. I may die so don’t think I think I may make it out of this impending collapse. It is not all clear whether honesty is the best policy here because society can’t handle the truth. The general public would not function according to what is needed to maintain globalism if the widespread acknowledgement of our imminent collapse were understood as if NASA told us we had 5 years and an earth killing asteroid was coming. People would stop their status quo and globalism would fail quickly. So in a sense this delusional belief system has some merit because it allows us some time to figure out what we can do and then maybe leverage a huge global productive potential to do something when the time comes.
It is fully clear to any realist that the status quo must end for multiple reasons. It must end because of limits and the consequences of destabilization of climate and ecosystem. It is likely to end within a decade because of the decadal limits of peak oil and abrupt climate change. Our global economy is imploding in an economic deflation, decay and decline. It is suffering destructive change now even in a growth situation. Our global economy could muddle through this systematic self-destruction if it were not for depletion of oil and abrupt climate change. The economic disruption from the approach of these impending destructive forces are beyond what our global economy can withstand especially in its sick state. We are barely whole now so how the hell do we think we can face the serious and destabilizing forces of an altered climate and our foundational energy source in abrupt depletion. This means fuel shortages and likely worse food shortages. This means economic killing events.
It is possible we will enter a crisis period where some needed change will occur. This crisis period will be an end game of globalism with no recovery. In crisis there is change potential so maybe we can make some life giving changes before globalism is destroyed. We will have the ability to adapt and mitigate some of what is coming if we start making wise choices. The overwhelming amount of destructive change ahead will just have to be faced as all species do when confronted with a destroyed habitat and population overshoot. We are going to die en masse and suffering the indignities of profound poverty. All of us are facing this. So in conclusion complain and rejoice in the end of oil but get a friggen grip it is likely your end too.
PracticalMaina on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 8:45 am
Makati, making way for the international pharmaceuticals maybe?
Judging by the photos of the prisons its a great way to get an outbreak of antibiotic resistant tuberculosis.
makati1 on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 9:33 am
Actually, they are quite sanitary and disease is no worse than any other crowded living area. But then. you would never see the real Philippines in Western MSM ‘news’. They never show the real world.
“Jail and prison inmates are known to have a higher burden of infectious diseases, substance use disorders and psychiatric illness than the general, non-institutionalized population, but do they also have a higher burden of other chronic medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and asthma? The absolute prevalence of chronic medical conditions among inmates seems high…”
The Philippines? Nope! The US of A.
http://www.corrections.com/news/article/26014-chronic-medical-diseases-among-jail-and-prison-inmates
ALL prisons are disease hot spots and are no different than any crowded living arrangements.
Kenz300 on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 10:47 am
The fossil fuel industry has had opportunities to transition to safer, cleaner and cheaper alternative energy sources and become “ENERGY” companies….
They instead went in the other direction and divested their investments in wind, solar and biofuels……….
BP once had a slogan of “Beyond Petroleum” and invested invested in alternative energy programs……then a change at the top management came in and moved them to divest……..bad mistake….
By now they could have become integrated ENERGY providers with a large portfolio of wind and solar and less vulnerable to disinvestment and the price fluctuations of fossil fuels…….
Instead they funded Climate Change deniers in hopes of continuing business as usual………….
Koch Brothers Continue to Fund Climate Change Denial Machine, Spend $21M to Defend Exxon
http://ecowatch.com/2016/06/22/koch-defends-exxon/
Big Coal Funded This Prominent Climate Change Denier, Docs Reveal
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/roy-spencer-peabody-energy_us_57601e12e4b053d43306535e
Climate Change is real….. we will all be impacted by it……
Exxon’s Climate Change Cover-Up Is ‘Unparalleled Evil,’ Says Activist
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/exxon-evil-bill-mckibben_561e7362e4b028dd7ea5f45f?utm_hp_ref=green&ir=Green§ion=green
Kenz300 on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 10:49 am
Travel to the Real Philippines: Homeless Family w/ 3 Young Kids. Poverty among Filipinos is High
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgCVQqSK_Vw
Having a child that you can not provide for is cruel……..and leads to more poverty, suffering and despair…………
Apneaman on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 11:30 am
Kenz STFU you spoiled entitled little self righteous liberal american fuck. You are no different than a mindless chanting conservatard – same league – different uniform. Oh, and about that affording kids deal. Your parents did not pay for all the infrastructure for your useless education. Talk about a misallocation of resources. Do you have any idea how many things you enjoy that the debt for is getting dumped on future generations? No you don’t. Do you realize that liberal mommy & daddy would not have their cosy jobs to smother you with the eco footprint of 10 african villages if not for the luck of being born into an empire that is only 5% of global population, but has consumed at least 30% of world resources since WWII by subjugating other peoples (the ones you won’t stop judging) and keeping a boot on their necks by a number of methods – institutional to brute force or threat of. What did you think that your education made that possible? Oh you Americans are so educated – take our natural resources for pennies on the dollar – Please. You’re a fucking little twerp. How come if you have all this education you can’t even come up with one, just one, original thought? All you do is chant the same 3-4 meme’s from liberal central over and over and over. What was the point of investing all that money and resources into an education for you that has gone largely unused? Waste of fucking money. You’re not special Kenz nor are your parents, you’re lucky to be born when and where you were just like the rest of us, which btw make you more guilty than any third worlder. I bet if we added up your footprint right now we would find that it’s average N American or higher. You’re small minded Kenz. A tiny self absorbed worldview and you are only a liberal in name. Same for most of you. A real liberal would be in the third world trying to “liberate” the poor from their ignorance and western shackles, not sitting on a $500 slave made e-device judging them.
onlooker on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 11:41 am
Great speech AP. Blunt like everybody in the friggin world needs to hear it. And maybe some will finally understand.
Boat on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 12:33 pm
ape,
“you’re lucky to be born when and where you were just like the rest of us, which btw make you more guilty than any third worlder”
What the fu– kinda sense does that make. Were lucky to be guilty? Me thinks you sit around dreaming up ways to vent your anger issues. A popular trait amongst doomers/blamers.
PracticalMaina on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 12:34 pm
Considering we waste half of everything in this country that is vital (food and the water and soil that food consumed). I think we could lose a couple dozen million barrels a day and keep things pretty much as they are, if everyone weren’t so damn greedy.
PracticalMaina on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 1:50 pm
Miners, like the ones who excavate coal?
http://www.triplepundit.com/2016/08/global-mining-industry-shines-light-climate-change-energy-insecurity/
When you are using pv at a bauxite mine, in Australia, one of the biggest exporters of coal…. Things are changing.. Article also claims an 80% reduction in PV panel cost since 08.
PracticalMaina on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 1:53 pm
We recently saw an article on here about Africa being in trouble and needing the international community’s help…
I find it interesting these projects cant be financed, considering the good EROEI that it would probably produce.
https://www.yahoo.com/finance/news/africa-battles-big-solar-projects-grid-115524916.html
Apneaman on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 2:11 pm
onlooker, thanks. I figure only a handful will ever get it or after the fact. It’s just the way the humans are. Ranting helps keep me sane…sort of. It’s the stories again. There must be a few hundred million center to left people in the rich countries who claim a high degree of concern about AGW, yet nothing they have done has made one bit of difference and as I have pointed out before if they collectively reduced their footprints/consumption and emissions from excessive driving and flying and having kids it would have shown up in the numbers. It hasn’t, but they still cling to their big bad big oil story as the sole guilty party. They guilty of plenty alright including things the rest are not, but high earning high consuming liberals have done nothing but talk and blame and pretend. On the flip side you have the conservatards who scream bloody murder over regulation and other economic fear mongering and they get louder every year while fossil fuel use and extraction increases every year, which is what they want right? So what exactly are they sniveling about? It’s the story. They must stick to the script Rush et al feed them because the alternative is to admit that it’s not regulations that are in the way, it’s diminishing returns – the end is nigh and there is no way the average conservatard can possibly believe the party is in it’s final hour, so climate hoax, socialists, malthusians, etc are their boogy men and scapegoats. Going back to the other team, they can’t admit it either so they came up with their replacement green utopia. Humans and their fucking stories.
Apneaman on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 2:15 pm
Boat, sorry, I can’t make it any simpler. Hang in there buddy. I hear they are coming out with a remedial doomerisim course. Sounds custom fit for you.
onlooker on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 4:05 pm
Funny AP, we are just talking about this on a thread in the main forum. The politics of resentment. Besides making up stories, we do alot of blaming. Too bad we don’t do more soul searching. As in I did some bad shit or I got some nasty viewpoints. I am not the bad one, they are. Yes people try to ignore certain things in the world and in themselves.
onlooker on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 4:12 pm
Speaking of ignoring. Remember Anonymous telling us , odd that ISIS does not go after important western US-ISRAELI targets. well that pattern continues. Of course do not bite the hand that feeds you…..
ISIS Declares War On Russia: “We Will Come To Russia And Kill You In Your Homes”
http://americanmilitarynews.com/2016/08/isis-declares-war-on-russia-we-will-come-to-russia-and-kill-you-in-your-homes/
Apneaman on Fri, 5th Aug 2016 7:31 pm
Feedbacks
Carbon Sinks in Crisis — It Looks Like the World’s Largest Rainforest is Starting to Bleed Greenhouse Gasses
“Early satellite measures seem to indicate that something even worse may be happening — the rainforest and the lands it inhabits are now being hit so hard by a combination of drought and fire that the forest is starting to bleed carbon back. This gigantic and ancient repository of atmospheric carbon appears to have, at least over the past two months, turned into a carbon source.”
“In context, these Amazon carbon spikes are occurring at a time of record atmospheric CO2 increases. For the first seven months of 2016, the average increase in CO2 versus 2015 was 3.52 ppm. 2015’s overall rate of CO2 increase in the range of 3.1 ppm year-on-year was the fastest annual increase ever recorded by NOAA and the Mauna Loa Observatory. So far this year, the rate of atmospheric gain in this key greenhouse gas is continuing to rise — this in the context of carbon spikes over a region that should be drawing in CO2, not spewing it out.”
https://robertscribbler.com/2016/08/05/carbon-sinks-in-crisis-it-looks-like-the-worlds-largest-rainforest-is-starting-to-bleed-greenhouse-gasses/
Boat on Sat, 6th Aug 2016 3:21 pm
How hard can rock be?
In the second quarter Core Lab expanded work on several laboratory-based programs
aimed at evaluating enhanced oil recovery opportunities and unconventional reservoirs.
Fracture-stimulated unconventional reservoirs often yield only a very small portion, an
average of 9%, of their original oil in place.
Testing and validating methods to improve recovery factors in these tight rocks can
substantially change play economics, possibly increasing recovery rates to 13% to 15%.
http://www.corelab.com/investors/cms/docs/transcript/2016_07_21_clb_q2_earnings_call.pdf
Apneaman on Sat, 6th Aug 2016 4:04 pm
Boat, an earnings call? Oh! even better is I just read that the Diviners association of America has recently developed a new divining rod that increases discoveries by up to 11%. Said something about some kinda new Harry Potter technology……I’l post the link as soon as I find it.
Boat on Sat, 6th Aug 2016 5:39 pm
ape,
It is useless to look at the world or the future without accepting realities. I enjoy looking at the changing data but it seems to me that climate change wins the race in the end. I will trust data more in 10 years than I do today to get a clearer picture.
In the meantime it makes no sense to worry, assess blame, or ignore data pointing towards trouble ahead. On the other hand it makes no sense to discount or ignore positive news. Even tracking FF is reality while it continues to accelerate climate change.
None of us can affect much difference in the grand scheme of time but a balanced approach when looking at data is a more reality driven view.
Boat on Sat, 6th Aug 2016 6:00 pm
Speaking of earnings to market continues to throw digital money at me. I see no short term crash. Do you?
Were now 8 months into short’s 3 year projection of the demise of oil and by association the world.
The greggiet update. He continues to support BC projections that had a madmax world society by the end of 2015. Well that didn’t happen but in greggiet’s reality there is a chance. lol Apparently the jew deep state control works on a multiple dimensional time travel thing and thwarted BC with unicorn pee.
Kenz300 on Sun, 7th Aug 2016 8:47 am
Over population is the worlds worst environmental problem……. Having a child that you can not provide for is just cruel and only leads to more poverty, suffering and despair.
Travel to the Real Philippines: Homeless Family w/ 3 Young Kids. Poverty among Filipinos is High
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HgCVQqSK_Vw
Having a child that you can not provide for is cruel……..and leads to more poverty, suffering and despair…………
Child Beggars Of India- A Documentary
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spA3gb4Eiyc
The Effects Of Growth: Sprawl & Development – YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UA33sraoyCk
GregT on Sun, 7th Aug 2016 10:14 am
“The greggiet update. He continues to support BC projections that had a madmax world society by the end of 2015. ”
Not only are you a complete fucking moron Boat, you’re full of shit.