I've just begun reading this book, and its already proving to be one of the best books I've read in a long time. Its called "Slavery by another name" by Doug Blackmon, editor for the Wall Street Journal in Atlanta. Here's a link to it:
Slavery by Another NameIts about a very painful part of American history, the time period from the end of the Civil War until WWII, where even though slavery was abolished via Constitutional Amendment, it persisted through local laws and ordinances against vagrancy. For example, if a black man could not prove he was employed, he could and often was arrested for vagrancy and thrown in the county jail, sometimes years at a time. The county sheriffs would then "lease" these inmates out to various big corporations to pay for their jail fees and expenses. This book concentrates on one such arrest where the man was arrested for vagrancy and then leased to US Steel Corporation to work in their coal mines, very harsh conditions, with high mortality rates.
The author has visited the many grave sites of these men who died working in these company coal mines (Norther companies by the way). Slavery was in essence transferred from being a "southern institution" to a Northern or really an American institution.
Although I haven't finished the book yet, it seems that WWII finally put the brakes on this practice when the West criticized Hitler for his treatment of the Jews and Hitler, rightly, deflected their moral criticism of him by criticizing the US continued disparaging treatment of its black citizens.
So far, the book is well written and a detailed account of a part of American history that most are not aware of and would rather be forgotten by those who are. It certainly sheds light on the subsequent rise of the civil rights movement and attack against the "separate but equal" culture in the U.S. It also shows how there is much less time between slavery and freedom than I was aware of. I hate the fact that I was so ignorant.
It also makes one wonder how a new depression or resource wars would play out again here, or anywhere else, when a country has many unemployed or the need for cheap labor. To this day, Arkansas prisons continue to work farms and basic production for sale in the open market.