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THE Fractional Banking Thread (merged)

Discussions about the economic and financial ramifications of PEAK OIL

THE Fractional Banking Thread (merged)

Unread postby Armageddon » Mon 15 May 2006, 22:09:20

When banks receive deposits they can lend 10 times the amount of that money, that is called fractional banking . Example, If you deposit 100 dollars, they can lend 10 times that amount which is 1000 dollars. They basically create than money out of thin air. So when these loans are made, this fictitious money goes toward the US gdp. Therefore, our gdp is over inflated because of this fictitious money. Doesnt make any sense. We are a society created by debt, which is unsustainable in the real world.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Kingcoal » Mon 15 May 2006, 22:20:22

There are a million posts on this subject already.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Armageddon » Mon 15 May 2006, 22:25:41

oops, sorry. my bad
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Tue 16 May 2006, 08:30:57

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Kingcoal', 'T')here are a million posts on this subject already.

And? Which one would you recommend?
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Tue 16 May 2006, 08:41:37

Besides, it doesn't work that way.
A bank can only lend money that passes through its hands.
If 10% is in its books, it borrows 90% from another bank (or wherever) in order to lend out 100%. Only the government can "make" money like you are proposing.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Armageddon » Tue 16 May 2006, 09:54:31

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Peak_Plus', 'B')esides, it doesn't work that way.
A bank can only lend money that passes through its hands.
If 10% is in its books, it borrows 90% from another bank (or wherever) in order to lend out 100%. Only the government can "make" money like you are proposing.


thats not true. They lend that 90 % which doesnt exist. They are the ones that create money out of thin air. Governments only print money.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Tue 16 May 2006, 10:11:44

???

In order to give someone money (yes, you can borrow money and let the bank pay you in cash, for instance) you have to have it first. Or what do you pay the person who just sold you the house that you borrowed 200 grand on? Most sellers would prefer real money instead of a promise of 90% fake money, don't you think?
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby nero » Tue 16 May 2006, 10:21:20

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 't')hats not true. They lend that 90 % which doesnt exist. They are the ones that create money out of thin air. Governments only print money.


You better go back and check your facts, Peak Plus is correct(er). If you like here is a simple thought experiment to show that it can't be the way you imagine it.

If the bank could lend more than is deposited then the bank could in practice make an infinite amount of loans since it could at will expand it's capacity by simply making a loan to itself and depositing the money in the bank. If banks were able to get away with this, money would lose all value as there would be in practice an infinite amount of money available.

The banking system does have a money multiplier effect, but you should read up about it carefully (and perhaps from some more authoritative sources) before posting. As a start I'll point you to Wikipedia
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Armageddon » Tue 16 May 2006, 10:28:22

thats why its called fractional banking. take in 10 %. lend out 90 %. I heard a top economist explain this whole thing. Most people dont realize this.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby deconstructionist » Tue 16 May 2006, 12:10:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('armegeddon', 'W')hen banks receive deposits they can lend 10 times the amount of that money, that is called fractional banking . Example, If you deposit 100 dollars, they can lend 10 times that amount which is 1000 dollars. They basically create than money out of thin air. So when these loans are made, this fictitious money goes toward the US gdp. Therefore, our gdp is over inflated because of this fictitious money. Doesnt make any sense. We are a society created by debt, which is unsustainable in the real world.

this is true, but your numebrs are not quite correct.

The Mandrake Mechanism

Fractional Reserve banking is nothing short of stealing. It creates inflation, which robs our money if its value. A return to the gold standard would create a lot of problems in the short-term, but fix a lot of problems for good in the long-run...
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby deconstructionist » Tue 16 May 2006, 12:15:14

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Peak_Plus', 'B')esides, it doesn't work that way.
A bank can only lend money that passes through its hands.
If 10% is in its books, it borrows 90% from another bank (or wherever) in order to lend out 100%. Only the government can "make" money like you are proposing.

The treasury creates a bond, and "sells" it to the Federal Reserve, who then writes a check to the government, who spends this newly created money, causing inflation. the federal reserve has no account on which this check was drawn from. but now the bond that they bought from the treasury counts as "reserves" and they are indeed allowed to print 9 times the amount of dollars as bonds as they have in reserve. they sell most of these dollars to commercial banks at interest. they are earning interest on money they created out of nothing. banks then turn around and can loan 90% of what they borrow from the Fed, and charge higher interest. not to mention once you receive a loan--what do you do? put the money in the bank... so the bank can loan 90% of THAT money too... it's a scam and it is as unsustainable as our energy infrastructure...

in any other business this would be totally illegal.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Armageddon » Tue 16 May 2006, 13:40:23

what is funny is that banks use your money for loans, but have you ever seen your account debited for these loans ? That shows you that this money they use is money that was created from nothing, because your money is still in your account.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Tue 16 May 2006, 15:21:45

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('armegeddon', 'w')hat is funny is that banks use your money for loans, but have you ever seen your account debited for these loans ? That shows you that this money they use is money that was created from nothing, because your money is still in your account.

"The treasury creates a bond, and "sells" it to the Federal Reserve, who then writes a check to the government.."
Yes, this is the only way that money is "created".
The only way that gold "currency" is created, on the other hand, is by digging up more gold...
Your local bank (a non federal institution) has nothing to do with the process.

It takes your money, pays you 1.5% interest to you and lends it for 6% interest to someone else. That's banking.

Or do you thing the bank should keep it in its safe, where it can't make any interest at all???

How is it supposed to pay your interest PLUS its employees?
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby emailking » Tue 16 May 2006, 19:45:43

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('nero', '
')
If the bank could lend more than is deposited then the bank could in practice make an infinite amount of loans since it could at will expand it's capacity by simply making a loan to itself and depositing the money in the bank. If banks were able to get away with this, money would lose all value as there would be in practice an infinite amount of money available.


That is correct. The key is that each iteration encompasses *less* money than the deposit.

Example: I deposit $10 in the bank. The bank only needs to keep 10% to hedge against monetary reclaims. So they loan out $9. Technically, only $10 are in the system, but both the original owners and the new owners think they have this money. So effectively $19 are in the system.

Now those $9 are deposited into another bank (or even the same one!). They only need to keep 10%, so they loan out the other $8.10. Now we have total claims of $10 + $9 + $8.10 = $27.10, all from the original $10.

You can continue this process if you want, but the total amount stabilizes at $100. The money is not in a form able to be reinvested, because most of it is already invested! (techinically all of it, if you carry out the iterations above ad infinitum)
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Tue 16 May 2006, 21:11:20

emailking is correct. The end result is that a $10 deposit becomes $100 of deposits via the loan and re-deposit process, but the bank can't just loan out $90 from a $10 deposit.

There is a semantic issue over whether the banks create "money" or "credit". I guess it's more correct to say they create "money substitutes" or "credit-money"; however, the distinction is somewhat moot as all deposits are treated equally regardless of whether they originated as payment from someone who borrowed the money. If the initial deposit was "money", then so are the deposits created from the loan process. They can all be used as final payment for goods and services, provided we ignore the inherent illiquidity of the banking system and only a small proportion of people demand cash.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Wed 17 May 2006, 04:32:37

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'T')he end result is that a $10 deposit becomes $100 of deposits via the loan and re-deposit.

Theoretically...
1) If one of those "deposits" is not a deposit but an exchange (spending the money on goods), then the chain is broken.
2) every bank needs to offer more interest on the money. I get 2% interest from the bank, the next bank has to pay 3%, the next even more, and after a step or two, it doesn't make any sense for someone to pay more interest in order to get the money.
3) If you take the money out, then the bank has to replace your money. If you and a couple of your neighbors take their money out, the bank (and all the banks down the chain) has a real real real problem. It's called a run on the bank - Visit 1932 all over again.

As you see, it's not possible to "create" money at all (even in a semantical sort of way) in this manner. You can only pass it along for more interest. That is the raison d'etre of a bank at all.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Doly » Wed 17 May 2006, 04:44:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Peak_Plus', '
')As you see, it's not possible to "create" money at all (even in a semantical sort of way) in this manner.


I thought that was how money was created. If it isn't like this, how is it created?
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Wed 17 May 2006, 05:04:06

Morning Doly!
Deconstructionist had a very good description:
"The treasury creates a bond, and "sells" it to the Federal Reserve, who then writes a check to the government, who spends this newly created money," creating a greater money supply. That's why the government is always more and more in debt to itself.

Inflation (in the layman's definition, i.e. rising prices) is created when the money supply grows faster than money demand, which grows wenn the economy is growing.

Like I said before, you can also increase money supply by digging up more gold, for instance, but the federal reserve does it more cheaply...
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby CrudeAwakening » Wed 17 May 2006, 07:29:15

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Peak_Plus', '')$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'T')he end result is that a $10 deposit becomes $100 of deposits via the loan and re-deposit.

Theoretically...
1) If one of those "deposits" is not a deposit but an exchange (spending the money on goods), then the chain is broken.

If money is spent on goods, and the proceeds from the sale are deposited into the vendor's bank account, then the process continues with this new deposit. The only way the chain gets broken is if people are paid in cash, hold on to the money and keep it out of the banking system under a mattress or whatever.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '2')) every bank needs to offer more interest on the money. I get 2% interest from the bank, the next bank has to pay 3%, the next even more, and after a step or two, it doesn't make any sense for someone to pay more interest in order to get the money.

I don't follow your reasoning here. Person X deposits $100 with Bank A and gets paid 2%. Bank A then lends $90 to Person Y at 3%, who then spends it on goods/services from Person Z, who deposits the proceeds with his bank, Bank B, and gets paid a similar competitive interest rate (around 2%) for his deposit. Bank B then lends out $81 at about 3%, etc etc.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')s you see, it's not possible to "create" money at all (even in a semantical sort of way) in this manner. You can only pass it along for more interest. That is the raison d'etre of a bank at all.
Banks don't simply pass money directly from lender to borrower, in the way in which a person does when he borrows from a friend. They receive deposits and create credit against these deposits. This credit circulates as de facto money and adds to the money supply. Fractional reserve banks certainly do create money, or, more properly, credit-money.
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Re: fractional banking and the gdp

Unread postby Peak_Plus » Wed 17 May 2006, 09:50:28

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', '
')If money is spent on goods...

Remember, this is borrowed money, right?

You borrow $100 for interest, say 5%, to buy a couch. Not only do you (as spender) no longer have any right/chance of recollecting the money from the seller of the couch (meaning that the "bank"-chain is COMPLETELY broken - It doesn't matter TO YOU in the slightest what the next person does with the money), you ALSO have to pay back the bank next year - no longer $100 but $105. This extra $5 is extracted from the normal economy. So you can even claim that the banking system steals money from the economy.

Right?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'T')he only way the chain gets broken is if people are paid in cash, hold on to the money and keep it out of the banking system under a mattress or whatever.

What you're trying to discuss is the flow of money. If the money doesn't flow, your economy is DEAD.

Look. Let's try this a different way. Let's forget about banks. Go back to the year 1000 before the Italians began using credit slips in Europe, ok?

Instead of spending the extra money I made this year at the wool market (the most lucrative resource market in most of Europe), say 10 Ducats, on beer and wine this year, I lend it to my brother who needs help buying a horse. He promises to give it back to me by Christmas, and since I'm a Christian and don't believe in usery, I ask him not for interest - his wife can bake me one of her wonderful loaves of bread instead. (oops, what would the tax office think of that 'gift'?)

He takes the money, thinks it over and decides he could do something better with it than buy a horse. He has a friend who promises to pay him back 12 Ducats by Christmas, if he is given 10. (These were usual rates btw at the time - yes, between 10% and 50%. Aarg!) My brother is obviously a tick less "christian" than I am because he isn't shying away from usury. And he lies to me, saying he hasn't quite found the right horse yet. Even less christian, don't you think?

Now, my brother doesn't know anything about fractual reserve banking or not. He doesn't lend out 90% of "my" money, he lends out 100%. And the next bugger does the same. And so on.

Who needs a bank?

Fractual reserve banking is a way to PROTECT the people who put money into a bank, not a way to multiply their money.

For what happens, for instance, if my brother borrows 10 Ducats from 10 people and lends it all to 10 different friends, hoping to get 120 Ducats back??? Well, obviously not everybody is going to be able to pay the money back, especially not on time. Two people can forfeit payment before my brother has problems with his own creditors/depositers.

In fractual reserve banking, assuming that the bank charges 5%, there is also enough "security" that up to 3 people (a $10) can forfeit on payment without threatening the other peoples' money, because $10 are STILL in reserve. Smart, huh?

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('CrudeAwakening', 'B')anks [...] receive deposits and create credit against these deposits.


And what do they pass out to the next bank or borrower? Fictional money??? What do they "create"? They can only pass money out the back door which went in the front. It may not have the same serial number as the stuff you gave it, but it's already existing money!

In order to test any of your hypotheses (or in this case definition/understanding) put five people in a circle and try it out...
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