@ Bratticus : Tapis is the benchmark for East Asia , that's China , Japan , Korea , Taiwan and Australia
Bonny light is not a benchmark it's a crude grade , it used to be part of the OPEC basket, Same for Daiquin , it's an oil grade
in the oil industry oil is named after the field it is extracted from ,
it has a known depreciation over the benchmark if it is more difficult to refine sulfur content and API value are the main factors
other benchmarks are:
Brent for Europe and Africa , west of Suez and Dubai an emerging benchmark
Russia has set up a benchmark of its own called Espo
An oil trading companies would be trading on some or all of those at the same times often a supertanker of crude would be sold several times during its trip , even rerouted or send to Norwegian fjords , waiting , like happened during 2009 . The trading houses creamed the speculators of billions of bucks
There is three main problem with West Texas Intermediate
-Most contracts are traded by non users for speculation ,a trend which is increasing the quantities delivered to actual refineries is a small fraction of the trade
-There is no West Texas crude left , it's a composite blend now and light sweet crude are getting depleted first
-the settlement of contracts is taken as Cushing the crossroad of a network of pipelines delivering the crude from the South to Eastern seaboard and Midwest refineries since those are not running full on because of the recession, storage are high and delivered prices are low , it's a regional issue decoupled from the " real " world situation .
http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2011/01 ... mark-wars/P.S. Tanada is right , check things , I recommend Wikipedia as a starting point