by Devil » Tue 08 Mar 2005, 08:28:31
Bart
You may be giving me an idea for another essay! Have to think it over! One thing does come to mind, though. As you may or may not know, the name Cyprus and the Greek word for copper are the same, but we don't know which word came first and which was named after the other. This was because this small island was the world's main source of copper during the whole of the Bronze age. The copper ore was drift-mined and reduced to the metal with charcoal, then cast into flat ingots, before being sent abroad. At that time, the island was largely forested, so the supply of charcoal was easy. Archeologists have estimated the amount of copper produced by the size of the mine workings (many of them still exist!) and the waste heaps and they have calculated that, from 2000 BC to 800 BC, the amount of charcoal used must represent the wood growing over the whole surface (>9,000 km²) of the island TWELVE times! In other words, trees were felled in one spot, on an average, every 100 years. In reality, I suppose, as they were mainly hardwood at that time, those nearest the smelters were cut down every 20 or 30 years, to reduce the transport. But this is, I guess, an example of industry using renewable energy!
Of course, the island was subsequently denuded in the Middle Ages by the combined demand for wood for shipbuilding and goats. Today, about ¼ is forested, mainly by planted pines.
Devil