by spot5050 » Tue 08 Nov 2005, 21:01:08
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('MonteQuest', 'I')n June of 2003, Greenspan slashed the federal funds rate to 1 percent and vowed to keep it there. Banks loved this, as historically, it allowed them to use their credit to borrow money at low rates and then put it into higher-return investments like mortgages, or lending to consumers through credit cards. Of course, these types of loans exposed the lender to ever increasing credit risks as the housing bubble expanded to include the less credit-worthy and private household debt increased. A borrower can default or get into trouble. So it was easier for the banks to lend money to—or buy the debt of—a borrower who will never default, such as the federal government.
And it's easiest of all when you can buy that risk-free debt with money that's essentially free. This, in essence, is the carry trade. The carry trade depends on a nice, steady interest rate for short-term borrowing. A bank borrows money at the federal funds rate of 1 percent, then uses it to buy a security like the 10-year Treasury bond, which, in 2003, yielded around 4 percent. The bank paid the minuscule 1% interest every day, and then collected the quarterly interest payments on the Treasury securities. When the difference between short and long-term rates is great— that is to say when the yield curve is steep—this strategy is practically a free money printing machine.
Now enter the summer of 2005. The FED has raised the federal funds rate to 3.5% (the tenth consecutive quarter-point rate hike) while the 10 year bond is now about 4.18%. There are all indications that the federal funds rate will reach 4-4.25% by years end. What Greenspan calls the “removal of excess accommodation.”
If nothing “breaks”, and energy prices continue to fuel inflation, I think we can expect short-term rates in 2006 around 4.75 to 5.5%, or higher.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"')It looks like we will have quarter of a point increases for the rest of our natural lives or the next recession, whichever comes first. The Fed has not shown an ability to engineer a soft landing," said Barry Ritholtz, chief market strategist with Maxim Group, a New York-based money-management firm.
But can you imagine the impact on the carry-trade and home mortgages? Increasing rates drop the value of holding long-term instruments because you end up paying more for them, and ARMs’ push up mortgage payments. From what I have read, many experts are concerned that banks will not unwind their carry trades because it would lead to lower earnings estimates. They had better be careful. You know the old saying: you snooze, you loose.
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Jim Puplava', 'O')ur economy is too leveraged. Raising the Federal funds rate to a "neutral" rate of 4 to 6% is a pipedream.
In this article, written a year ago, Jim spoke of expecting the Fed funds rate to not exceed 2%! Talk about getting over-leveraged!