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Reasons to be optimistic

What's on your mind?
General interest discussions, not necessarily related to depletion.

Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Temperedoil » Wed 28 Mar 2007, 11:42:37

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Ludi', 'T')emperedoil, humans have always told stories and humans have always had time to listen to them. :)


True, but given the cost of making films and the costs involved in showing them, film as a form of entertainment may be likely to suffer in an extended period of severe economic hardship as filmmakers are unable to afford to make films and consumers are unable to afford to buy or pay to watch them. Stage plays, particularly those that can be performed outdoors with limited props, would seem to me to be likely to become more popular in future as an alternative to films.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Ludi » Wed 28 Mar 2007, 13:19:15

Temperedoil, I work for the film industry also, and expect it to go away, as it is an energy and resource hog, but, fortunately the skills I have learned for making physical objects will still be useful (looking into learning how to make shoes, currently). But, aside from practical skills, puppet shows and stage plays and plain old storytelling will always be popular, I think.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby cultural_sublimation » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 11:39:52

I am the starter of this thread. I've resisted the temptation to post comments so far, because I was curious how the discussion would naturally evolve without my interference. I've done a cursory categorisation of all the posts (100 responses so far - thank you guys!), and suffice to say, my initial suspicion -- that a person's perspective on Peak Oil tends to be skewed by their local environment -- has been validated by the response.

Now, it should come as no surprise that the overwhelming majority of the posters fall towards the pessimistic side of the debate. Even those who are not generally pessimistic, tend to be so in regards to the American way of life. And here lies in my opinion the crux of the matter: Peak Oil means very bad news for the US, particularly for the suburbia. I wouldn't be surprised if this were precisely the enviroment where most members of this forum live. Hence their obviously (and in my opinion skewed) pessimistic view on the issue.

I hardly see myself as a cornucopian. However, I live in an environment (yes, I am European) where the switch to renewables is happening at full strength, where cars are optional for the majority of the population, and the climate is gentle enough to allow drastic reductions in the usage of heating fuel during Winter without causing major inconvenience.

And yes, I am aware that everything in our society depends ultimately on oil. Even if us Europeans can live without cars, we won't live without food. And as you all know, modern Agriculture is highly dependent on oil. However, let us keep things in perspective. Imagine that the peak already happen, and that from now on we will see a yearly decline of a couple percent in oil production. Oil used in agriculture would obviously take priority over other uses, giving us plenty of time to make a transition. And don't you think that once the reality of peak oil sinks in, governments will be so incompentent as not to make this sort of planning? Oh yes, again the American bias: your current government might indeed be that incompetent, but that soon (well, 21 months or so) will also change.

To conclude, here's my advice to our friends from the other side of the pond: be optimistic. You might be in for a rough period, but things will eventually get better.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby vision-master » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 12:37:04

If the US Controls Middle East oil then the American economy continues,,,,,,,,,,, for how long? That's the million dollar question.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby jdmartin » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 13:33:27

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', 'I') am the starter of this thread. I've resisted the temptation to post comments so far, because I was curious how the discussion would naturally evolve without my interference. I've done a cursory categorisation of all the posts (100 responses so far - thank you guys!), and suffice to say, my initial suspicion -- that a person's perspective on Peak Oil tends to be skewed by their local environment -- has been validated by the response.

Now, it should come as no surprise that the overwhelming majority of the posters fall towards the pessimistic side of the debate. Even those who are not generally pessimistic, tend to be so in regards to the American way of life. And here lies in my opinion the crux of the matter: Peak Oil means very bad news for the US, particularly for the suburbia. I wouldn't be surprised if this were precisely the enviroment where most members of this forum live. Hence their obviously (and in my opinion skewed) pessimistic view on the issue.

I hardly see myself as a cornucopian. However, I live in an environment (yes, I am European) where the switch to renewables is happening at full strength, where cars are optional for the majority of the population, and the climate is gentle enough to allow drastic reductions in the usage of heating fuel during Winter without causing major inconvenience.

And yes, I am aware that everything in our society depends ultimately on oil. Even if us Europeans can live without cars, we won't live without food. And as you all know, modern Agriculture is highly dependent on oil. However, let us keep things in perspective. Imagine that the peak already happen, and that from now on we will see a yearly decline of a couple percent in oil production. Oil used in agriculture would obviously take priority over other uses, giving us plenty of time to make a transition. And don't you think that once the reality of peak oil sinks in, governments will be so incompentent as not to make this sort of planning? Oh yes, again the American bias: your current government might indeed be that incompetent, but that soon (well, 21 months or so) will also change.

To conclude, here's my advice to our friends from the other side of the pond: be optimistic. You might be in for a rough period, but things will eventually get better.


Nice job sitting back watching the carnage unfold :) - I like your style.

I'm not so sure that it is obvious that oil will be used for agriculture first. Frankly, I think what happens is that those that have oil for their own usage start ramping down what goes to other countries, leaving the lot of us fighting for what's left. I feel reasonably certain that the American way of life is going to fetch a pretty steep price, so I'm sure I'll still be driving around even as the Zimbabweans are wondering what gasoline even looks like. Ultimately, the poorest countries will simply be shut out of the oil race completely.

I think your post is good except for the assumption that people and societies will react in rational ways, when in fact history's lessons show more often than not people acting quite irrationally in the face of crisis.
After fueling up their cars, Twyman says they bowed their heads and asked God for cheaper gas.There was no immediate answer, but he says other motorists joined in and the service station owner didn't run them off.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby jbeckton » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 14:18:30

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', ' ')And don't you think that once the reality of peak oil sinks in, governments will be so incompentent as not to make this sort of planning? Oh yes, again the American bias: your current government might indeed be that incompetent, but that soon (well, 21 months or so) will also change.


Oh no.......... don't get them going on the governments responce to any kind of a crisis. You have to keep in mind that the doomer view of the crisis is not ever going to be the governments view of PO. They will continue to insist that any attempt is too little too late. They all complain that the warning signs were writen off as nonsense. How ironic is it that they now do the same thing with any hint of optimism.

Doomer porn for everyone!
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Ludi » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 18:34:16

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', ' ')I wouldn't be surprised if this were precisely the enviroment where most members of this forum live. Hence their obviously (and in my opinion skewed) pessimistic view on the issue.



I live in the country and I tend toward the "doomer" view on most points, though consider myself a wildly naive optimist compared to most doomers on the board.



$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')nd as you all know, modern Agriculture is highly dependent on oil. However, let us keep things in perspective. Imagine that the peak already happen, and that from now on we will see a yearly decline of a couple percent in oil production. Oil used in agriculture would obviously take priority over other uses, giving us plenty of time to make a transition.



I will be interested to see how the entire oil processing, distribution, and sale of petroleum products will be changed for the purpose of agriculture, and how others who require petroleum products for their livelihoods (a much larger number of people than those who need it for farming, who account for only about 2% of our population), will accept the idea of their livelihoods being taken away from them so farmers can grow food. Food which the other people won't be able to buy because they will be out of work.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby AirlinePilot » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 18:43:25

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', 'I') hardly see myself as a cornucopian. However, I live in an environment (yes, I am European) where the switch to renewables is happening at full strength, where cars are optional for the majority of the population, and the climate is gentle enough to allow drastic reductions in the usage of heating fuel during Winter without causing major inconvenience.

And yes, I am aware that everything in our society depends ultimately on oil. Even if us Europeans can live without cars, we won't live without food. And as you all know, modern Agriculture is highly dependent on oil. However, let us keep things in perspective. Imagine that the peak already happen, and that from now on we will see a yearly decline of a couple percent in oil production. Oil used in agriculture would obviously take priority over other uses, giving us plenty of time to make a transition. And don't you think that once the reality of peak oil sinks in, governments will be so incompentent as not to make this sort of planning? Oh yes, again the American bias: your current government might indeed be that incompetent, but that soon (well, 21 months or so) will also change.

To conclude, here's my advice to our friends from the other side of the pond: be optimistic. You might be in for a rough period, but things will eventually get better.


The "switch" as you call it to renewables may be happening but to characterize it as "full strength" is not exactly accurate. How do you measure that? I'd submit that even though you percieve this, it's still in an environment supported by relatively cheap oil. It's not going to remain that way. Your renewables cannot make up for the loss of that cheap oil without pain. I think your assessment of the local environment shaping ones perception of "doom" or "optimism" is ok, but I think your just not seeing the forest for the trees.

Those of us who are doomers are really only recently doomers I think. Its because we see the mounting SCALE of the problem. I'd suggest you may be in some form of denial about what is going to go down. Just because you live in a place with good mass transit, and some percieved ability to be better at renweables, does not make you immune from the coming economic hardship. I think most who have this optimistic outlook are turning a blind eye towards the scale of the problem, and also forgetting human nature and world history.

This is not going to do dwon well. I am normally a really optimistic and happy individual but when it comes to the future and where we go related to energy costs and oil, I continue to see bad news piled on top of more bad news. Things are not getting better, and we have failed at this point in time to move society away from this cheap source of energy in a timely fashion. The longer we wait, the worse it's going to be.

I doubt you are grasping the true scale of the problem. Your statement above about oil and agircultural use priority is indicative of your misunderstanding the inelasticity of the commodity. I also would point out that your statement about governments and thier reactions to PO is flawed. If governments were as you say, than why hasn't anything responsible been legislated or acted on yet? Most analysis of PO shows that by the time you are involved in "issues" of PO, it's too late to avoid hardships and collapse.

I would think we are just about at that point now, and where do you see governments, ANY governments, doing anything to mitigate a possible peak?

You go ahead and do that opitimism thing, its fine really, but I would keep a wary eye on the markets and world events. I hope we doomers are wrong. I'm definitely NOT in the camp that wants to see this happen.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby jdmartin » Thu 29 Mar 2007, 23:56:41

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', 'c')ultural_sublimation you have described your own situation in Europe that promotes optimism.

Many Europeans live somewhat in balance with their environment. As I understand it, the cities are concentrated and surrounded by agriculture and there are vibrant farm and towns economies. The continent is bathed in the warm wet water and air of the Gulf Stream and food grows easily. There is superior rail system

The United States is completely different. It is harsh here. Only California has a climate approximating Europe. The rest of the country is often in drought or freeze for large parts of the year. Most American now live in endless sprawl-zones that are hundreds or thousands of miles from their food and from inexpensive barge or rail transport. There is no place for suburbanites to go without a car. Many are trapped.

We have a very long (relatively) history of cheap oil and very new living arrangements completely dependent on the oil.


?? Most of Europe is a frozen hellhole. With the exception of the British Isles and the Mediterranean countries, Europe is a very cold place to be in the winter. Most of the US, by contrast, is quite temperate, with a few glaring examples aside. Otherwise, your post makes good sense.

One other thing about Europe in general - I don't know how confident I would be that Europeans will ride the storm out in good fashion. Frankly, Europeans have a piss-poor record of peace and harmony with their neighbors in times of crisis. Ubernationalism is rampant. They may think they're more enlightened than us stupid Americans (and in some ways they are), but they (as a continent) are nearly solely responsible for two world wars and countless other ills today related to colonialism...
After fueling up their cars, Twyman says they bowed their heads and asked God for cheaper gas.There was no immediate answer, but he says other motorists joined in and the service station owner didn't run them off.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby jbeckton » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 07:45:52

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('pstarr', '
')Not only is Europe warmer on average than anywhere in the US, it is also much further north. Look at a globe.


????

Thats absolutly not true. The entire southwest and many of the Gulf and Atlantic states are warmer than Europe on average.

Anywhere in the US? Are you saying the average temperature in Europe is warmer than the average temp in Miami or Phoenix or Houston?

Its true that overall, Europe is warmer than the US but thats not to say that there are not parts of the US (the fastest growing parts by the way) that are much warmer than Europe.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby cultural_sublimation » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 13:17:09

There have been quite a few topics raised since my last post, some of them questioning the arguments I put forth.
Here's a response to those:

a) On the whole European climate debate: it's interesting to see how the discussion quickly turned on a "European vs American -- which is milder?" argument. Go read my initial post again. I made an absolute statement about climate in Europe, namely that it is very mild. Notice that there is no comparison with climates anywhere else! If in your mind you've read an implicit comparison with climate in America, then that's your problem, not mine.

b) On what it means to be optimistic: some here immediately equate the word "optimistic" with "cornucopian". I honestly think we are in for a rough period. The economy will suffer, and we're likely to experience a recession unlike any since the Great Depression. However, I also think that life as whole will go on, civilisation will prevail, and western societies will bounce back after a not so long period (say, 5 years?). Compare this scenario with the apocalypse any doomer will happily describe to you, and you'll understand why I consider myself an optimist.

c) On the the incompetence of governments: I maintain my position that the perspective of many posters here is skewed by the incompetence of the current US administration. Although I hardly think that European politicians are enlightened individuals, there is still minimum level of competence that one always assumes. Once the reality of Peak Oil reaches the mainstream, be assured that governments will respond appropriately. And though the American mainstream might be currently in "la-la-la-I-can't-hear-you" mode, Yankee ingenuity will eventually prove itself again more than capable.

d) On agriculture: there is a system already in place for the prioritisation of oil usage for agricultural purposes. We Europeans are used to paying the equivalent of some 6.5 USD/gallon for domestic vehicles (a bit more in places like the Netherlands!). The reason for the high price (in American terms) is that petrol is heavily taxed. However, petrol used in agriculture has much lower taxes and is therefore cheaper. If constraints in supply ever reach the point where agricultural production could be affected, all the governments need to do is to further increase the taxes for "normal" petrol, and use the money to subsidise farmer's petrol. The situation might be sorted out without even resorting to rationing.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby jdmartin » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 14:29:39

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '=')"pstarr Wrong Jd.

City January Average High Low
-----------------------------------------------------
Amsterdam (Netherlands) 41 34
Athens (Greece) 54 42
Berlin (Germany) 35 26
Madrid (Spain) 50 34
etc. etc.

Chicago 29 13
Boston 36 22
New York City 38 25
Atlanta 33 52

Not only is Europe warmer on average than anywhere in the US, it is also much further north. Look at a globe.


You picked some of the coldest spots of the country and used them as a comparison, and left out the cold spots of Europe, and also didn't use the coldest month, which can vary depending on your locale. Let's try this one out:

Warsaw: Jan, 32/22 (Poland)
Bucharest: Jan, 36/24 (Romania)
Prague: Jan, 34/24 (Czech Repub)
Copenhagen: Feb, 36/28 (Denmark)
Stockholm: Jan, 31/22 (Sweden)
Helsinki: Jan, 26/16 (Finland)
Vienna: Jan, 36/27 (Austria)
Oslo: Jan, 31/20 (Norway)
Budapest: Jan, 36/27 (Hungary)
Sofia: Jan, 35/25 (Bulgaria)

I left out Russia, which is considered Europe up to the Urals, Iceland, Switzerland, Slovakia, Lichtenstein, etc. All of those countries are just as cold as what I posted. What that leaves you for "temperate" countries in Europe: Other than the British Isles, and even if we concede Holland and Belgium, you've got France, Italy, Yugoslavia (former), Greece, Spain, and Portugal. That's it.

Now let's look at the US more fairly:

Seattle: Jan, 47/36
Portland: Jan, 46/37
San Francisco:Jan, 58/46
Phoenix: Jan, 66/41
Kansas City: Jan, 38/21
Denver: Jan, 47/16
Memphis: Jan, 46/29
New Orleans: Jan, 63/45
Dallas: Jan, 55/36
Orlando: Jan, 72/50
Charlotte: Jan, 51/32
Norfolk: Jan, 48/32
Baltimore: Jan, 44/29
Philadelphia: Jan, 41/24
Detroit: Jan, 33/16
Minneapolis: Jan, 22/4
Boise: Jan, 37/24
Knoxville: Jan, 46/26

Look at those numbers. The majority of the cities in the US that were picked, which range geographically all over the place (including your numbers for NY and Boston) are higher than everything I posted for Europe, which is the vast majority of Europe's landmass. You can't pick a few temperate cities for Europe and the coldest stuff for the US to prove your point :roll: I didn't even beat you down further by posting the numbers for Moscow, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, etc. Furthermore, if it wasn't for the Gulf Stream, the British Isles, Denmark, Belgium and Holland would all be tundra.

With the exception of the heaviest parts of the Rockies and the northern US bordering Canada (New england, Michigan, upstate NY, SD/ND/Minn area), the rest of the United States is a tropical paradise compared to most of Europe.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby AirlinePilot » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 14:32:52

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', 'T')here have been quite a few topics raised since my last post, some of them questioning the arguments I put forth.
Here's a response to those:

a) On the whole European climate debate: it's interesting to see how the discussion quickly turned on a "European vs American -- which is milder?" argument. Go read my initial post again. I made an absolute statement about climate in Europe, namely that it is very mild. Notice that there is no comparison with climates anywhere else! If in your mind you've read an implicit comparison with climate in America, then that's your problem, not mine.

b) On what it means to be optimistic: some here immediately equate the word "optimistic" with "cornucopian". I honestly think we are in for a rough period. The economy will suffer, and we're likely to experience a recession unlike any since the Great Depression. However, I also think that life as whole will go on, civilisation will prevail, and western societies will bounce back after a not so long period (say, 5 years?). Compare this scenario with the apocalypse any doomer will happily describe to you, and you'll understand why I consider myself an optimist.

c) On the the incompetence of governments: I maintain my position that the perspective of many posters here is skewed by the incompetence of the current US administration. Although I hardly think that European politicians are enlightened individuals, there is still minimum level of competence that one always assumes. Once the reality of Peak Oil reaches the mainstream, be assured that governments will respond appropriately. And though the American mainstream might be currently in "la-la-la-I-can't-hear-you" mode, Yankee ingenuity will eventually prove itself again more than capable.

d) On agriculture: there is a system already in place for the prioritisation of oil usage for agricultural purposes. We Europeans are used to paying the equivalent of some 6.5 USD/gallon for domestic vehicles (a bit more in places like the Netherlands!). The reason for the high price (in American terms) is that petrol is heavily taxed. However, petrol used in agriculture has much lower taxes and is therefore cheaper. If constraints in supply ever reach the point where agricultural production could be affected, all the governments need to do is to further increase the taxes for "normal" petrol, and use the money to subsidise farmer's petrol. The situation might be sorted out without even resorting to rationing.


Well after reading this I would put you squarely into the cornucopian camp. Right here in the "bread basket of the world" fuel isn't taxed like it is over there. We might see that but I doubt it. Its something which will be fought until its common knowledge we have a problem.

Oh, the economy will bounce back, but your estimate of 5 years is going to be woefully inadequate to get us past a peak in production and move to a new paradigm of significantly lower energy usage. You will not perpetuate any form of economy you see today with the amounts of energy which will be available in 10-20 years. The economies of all nations, except those of third world countires experiencing problems currently, will do far more than suffer.

Your going to ration as the economy fails and it will be out of necessity. It will also be one of the main reasons the economy collapses. Current economies will fail utterly as we start down the road of conservation on a large scale. Where is the energy input going to come from to support your optimism?

If we start the decline now of say 6-8% oil production/year, where are you making up the differences in say 5-10 years? Where is it coming from?

I dont understand how folks can make the leap that we go from where we are now to significantly LESS available energy for transport, food production, commerce, and manufacturing, without some sort of catastrophic realignment. Its going to be far more than a recession my friend. The economic nightmare will be far reaching and long lived. The face of nations will be changed due to it and many are just not going to survive the hardships.

Unless you believe in a physically miraculous discovery of new technology, how can you say any of that?

Peak Oil means the forever decline of the one resource which modern mankind has used to sustain his way of life, his technological growth, and his well being for over 100years.

At the moment, I can't see how we are going to magically substitute so it's just a short term bump in the road.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby MonteQuest » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 16:10:49

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('cultural_sublimation', ' ')Hence their obviously (and in my opinion skewed) pessimistic view on the issue.


I am almost 56. I have been actively involved in energy and environmental issues for most of my adult life. Never have I looked at these issues from a local or US view, always a global view...as it has always been a global issue.

Read my many threads. You will find a consistent world viewpoint.

To infer that our pessimism, or realism, as I call it, is rooted in a blinded, American perception is a poor effort to debunk reality.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby NEOPO » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 16:53:52

Realism indeed.
Its just another level of rationalization.
Gasping for air and grasping for straws so blame amerocentricism!

Some of the more patient Peakers tried to explain basic conspiracy theory to me like an "onion that has many skins" and like many things I didnt quite get it at first yet after a while it started making more and more sense.
I now also see the human psyche like an onion with many protective layers or "skins".
Understanding the concept of PO peels but one layer away with many more to go.

Monte is absolutely correct and not self serving in the least by suggesting that people need to read his more thorough posts as few have written so much so well concerning PO.

I retain fond memories of being pissed at him or some other worthy messenger only to realize later that I was still in denial and trying to rationalize it all away.

I am optomistic that me and mine will make it to sustainability and survive the worse of the ramifications post peak yet for the majority I share no such warm fuzzy feelings about the future.
"God says he can get me out of this mess but that he is pretty sure you are fooked" 8)
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Aaron » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 17:05:56

Image
The problem is, of course, that not only is economics bankrupt, but it has always been nothing more than politics in disguise... economics is a form of brain damage.

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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Snowstorm » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 18:25:04

What is more favorable in many ways about Europe's climate than Americas is it's less variable, most of the US is much more drought-prone and prone to wild swings in weather than Europe. Being in Minnesota, the calling the European cities jdmartin posted about as a frozen hellhole makes me laugh, Minnesota is colder in the winter than all of them. The big difference between our climates is the wilder more extreme and variable weather in America with the exception of the west coast. For example, southern Minnesota while colder than all jdmartin's list of European cities in the winter I'm pretty sure is hotter than all of them in the summer. Just on Monday it was 80 degrees here but they're saying possible snow next week, and a few years ago it was over 90 in mid April and then 6 inches of snow a week later. And even though many areas of America are wetter than Europe in total rain, it is generally more variable with frequent dry spells and the hotter weather evaporates it more quickly, and then deluges and flooding at other times. Despite the fact that much of Europe isn't exactly warm in the winter, I would consider it in general a more favorable climate in many ways, and if you consider all the seasons, more mild than America. That doesn't mean it doesn't have plenty of it's own issues obviously, such as higher population density and whole countries prone to inundation by global warming.
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Re: Reasons to be optimistic

Unread postby Ibon » Fri 30 Mar 2007, 18:26:56

I have to agree with Cultural Sublimation on the point where many AMericans can be skewed toward pessimism about peak oil due to the uniquely AMerican reality concerning this issue; An infrastructure wholey dependent on the automobile, scale of oil consumption and dependence on oil imports, dependence on foreign money to finance our way of life, and currently dependent on the most incompetant and corrupt government in recent history for initiating macro solutions similar for example to what you can see Europe starting. I frequently move in and out of the US and I can confirm from first hand experience that there is a cloud of unease collectively in America, a contraction and sense that things are not going well. Many peak oil aware individuals will certainly look at the issues through this prism of this collective funk so to speak and see a more hopeless future. I see myself more pessimistic in my views when I am in the US vs. when I am in foreign countries. I have often wondered about this.

Having said that though when Cultural sublimation comments on a 5 year recovery of peak oil for Europe he either clearly does not yet fully understand the full implications of peak oil or he may be overly confident on the European solutions to date which are tiny germinating seeds and hardly represent a paradigm shift toward sustainability. Some of the seeds have become seedlings like the growing wind and solar infrastructure as well as a population better educated toward conservation but these are hardly representing a percentage that can mitigate the effects of peak oil when you fully understand the scale of consumption and degree to which this will play havoc on the global economic system of which Europe is a very integral part. Most European companies have exports that far exceed their domestic markets. A peak oil induced recession will create massive unemployment for Europe along with other continents and Europes social services although the envy of many AMericans, will be put under enormous pressure. THey are already squeezing state budgets to limits during what is currently an affluent period.

This will be a lot longer ride than 5 years!
Patiently awaiting the pathogens. Our resiliency resembles an invasive weed. We are the Kudzu Ape
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