by k_semler » Wed 19 May 2004, 06:34:38
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('Leaf', 'K')_Semler, I feel has the issue pretty close on how I feel the outcome will be. The hope is to start downscaling on a massive scale and to start looking ASAP for alternatives even if they produce even 5% of fossil fuels. Also I would be inclined to start changing the infrastructure of the USA to a more localized type. We are just too dependant on the Auto…and I see the auto becoming a thing of the past. I don’t buy into the alternatives for this. I feel the remaining fossil fuels need to be used for heating and agriculture. So I agree America will pay a very heavy price for the consumers we’ve become.
Well, living with only 5% of net energy available per capita would be a very difficult situation indeed, I imagine a 95% energy loss would have an effect very similar to
The Olduvai Theory. If you don't want to read all of that article, I will sum it up here.
The model for industrial civilisation represents a single, non reoccuring waveform. After industrialisation is attained once, it can never be obtained again. Once all the metals have been removed from the ground in the manufacturing process, and all non renewable resources have been depleted, the nessesary materials to continue on with industrial civilisation do not re-appear for millions of years. Even if a species surpasses the human race in the future as far as intelligence is concerned, since the nessesary materials to rebiuld the industrialised civilisation are not renewed, this means that industrialisation can never be obtained again. As the resources nessesary for maintaining industralised civilisation are depleted, so does industrial civilisation. After all of the petrolium and metals have been extracted from the earth, the "fuel for the fire" runs out, and this results in a collapse of industrialised civilisation.
I will also agree that the need to localise production and food services is a nessesary step to ensure the continuation of our present quality of life. Before the industrial revolution, the human race did just find producing all of thier food, and most of thier consumables locally. However, after the industrial revolution, the average distance that food travels before getting into your stomach is 1,500 miles. To ensure the survival of the human race as a whole, we must retern to this method of food and goods production volintarily, or Earth herself will force us to do so.
I will also agree to the national obesssion with the automobile. The united states consumes 25% of the world's petrolium resources, yet has just under 5% of the total world's population. To get this down to the person, this would mean that each person in the US consumes 00000000092592592592592592592592592592593% of the worlds energy resources produced anually. Fortunatly, I live where the ground is very fertile, and most nessesary goods are within a 25 mile radius. When I relocate to town, (14 mi away), all nessesary goods and services will be available within 2 miles of where I will reside. At present, the petrolum demand is not exceeding supply, but nobody knows how long this will be the case. Also, the price of gas where I live is now $2.239 per gallon. To fill up my car, it costs me over $50 USD. Not that I am complaining, At this point, I am just glad that there is plenty of gas for the economy to "keep on rollin'", and I imagine around this time in only 2 years time, I will be paying over $3.00/gal. I am betting on this as a near certanty.
Considering I only get 17.2 MPG, I intend to buy a more fuel efficient vehicle this fall, when the auto dealerships have thier annual clearence. As a long term solution, I intend to replace the car with a
very fuel efficient vehicle also known as the bicycle. The only fuel that will be required to run this vehicle will be the food in my stomach. Can't get much more efficient than that. I also agree that "alternative" fuel resources for travel will provide little promise. The current trend for alternative fuel for the automobile is Hydrogen. As you know, there are no free hydrogen atoms anywhere on earth. Every single hydrogen atom that exists in nature is chemically bonded to somthing. Whether this other atom is oxygen, carbon, sulpher, chlorine, or other depend on the chemical composition, and the conditions under which they met. Since there are no hydrogen mines, it is nessesary to extract it from other compunds whether it is water, natural gas, oil, hydrochloric acid, supheric acid, etc matters little. The point that I am making is that energy is expended breaking the chemical bonds of the hydrogen with other elements. Because of the law of entropy, energy is lost when this "conversion" takes place. The energy is often lost to the surrounding environment in the form of heat, and oxidation. After the hydrogen has been extracted from whatever compound it naturally occured in, and is stored and ready for distribution, it is still nessesary to harness the energy from the combusting or compressing hydrogen to power the method of transportation. Energy is also lost in making use of this due to the law of entropy. When the hydrogen re-bonds with the oxygen in the atmosphere and creates pure water, (thus starting the cycle over again), energy is lost again in the chemical bonding. This is also due to the law of entropy. In short, even this solution will eventually result in the loss of energy. That one atom that went through all of the refinement, compresion, storage, combustion, and bonding will have lost energy 5 times before returned to the enviroment. Another problem lies with rapid mass transit. There is not one commercial airplane, sea going vessel, millitay vehicle, or locomotive currently produced, (or in existance), that can run off of anything other than fossil fuels. Just this one fact alone will severly change our modern globalised society.
I also agree that petrolium is too valuble to just burn as a method of propelling our transport vehicles. The only thing I disagree with is the nessesity to use it for heating.
Natural Gas is also subject to Hubbert's peak, and currently production is just barly meeting demand. We almost ran out last year due to the tight constraints that natural gas production is in with demand, (search the CNN website for "natural gas" for reference). CNN was running news articles that the east may go cold and dark during the winter months because of the drain on the natural gas reserves and distribution network. A much better alternative for heating is efficient insulation, blankets, sweatshirts, and geothermal energy. Proper placement of windows, and appropriate cycling of blinds, (or curtains), will help improve the heating efficiency quite a bit. You will also save energy on your electrical bill by reducing the amount of artificial illumination, and using natural light when it is available. A much more nessesary use for petrolium is as feedstock for plastic. This is one of the largest consumers of petrolium in the industry. This is also the reason that plastic products will never bio-degrade in a century of time. Manufactured plastic is essentially a very long chain of hydrocarbons. Even the need for this could be reduced if you were to do one simple thing that would have very little impact on your life. This thing is bringing your own cloth grocery bag with you instead of taking the plasic bag that will enevitably thrown away, and sit at a land fill for 400 years. It would reqire a sacrifice on your part of about $5.00. This is because of the cost of the material required to sew the bags. However, this is a one time cost, and even somthing a simple as a re-used gunny sack will do, or even just taking the paper bag will help out emmensly, (trees are renewable, plastic derived from petrolium is not).
About the only area where it is very nessesary to continue at the present levels of petrolium consumption is agriculture. Diesel is needed to fuel the tractors, and Nitrogen, (extracted from methane most often), is needed to produce fertilisers and pestcides. My grandfather told me that before the farm got the first tractor, the average wheat yeild was only 40 bushels per acre. Last harvest, it was 624 bushels of wheat per acre average. Every year we get a better crop, and more bushels primarily because of a comination of factors Such examples include better use of fertilisers and pesticides, better rain, better crop management, better harvesting techniques, and newer machines. The time spent per acre has also been reduced dramatically over the last 60 years. My grandfather told me that when he was doing it with a team of horses and plow, the field across from my house would take 3 weeks to seed and plow. This year, that same field is plowed, seeded, and fertalised in only 2 days. The majority of the time is spent working the seed into the ground with the tractors. The actual seeding takes about 3 hours, and the actual plowing takes about 6 hours.
This is the only area that I know of where it will be actually nessesary to i]increase[/i] the amount of petrolium consumption. This is nessesary to feed the world's population, and the world's cattle. Every other aspect of modern society could at least avoid increase of the consumption rate. Most could infact reduce consumption. However, now it is too late to start the transition to continue on through the petrolium decline unaffected. At this rate, it will be like a rough truck ride through the harvest fields. If we would have been wiser and started the conversion process 20 years earlier, it would be a highway cruise to the new petrolium-free society. If we delay much longer, it will be like a Japanese Kamakazi pilot in WW2.