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What is the long-term future of the US economy?

What's on your mind?
General interest discussions, not necessarily related to depletion.

Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby jboogy » Mon 06 Aug 2007, 13:17:09

Thanks,
Mr. Bill-"so basically once again I have to say this is a financial crisis in the U.S. that so far has not spread elsewhere.."
I understand that some of the mortgage backed security hedge funds in this country are doing quite well and most of the rest of the industrialized economies are not suffering volatility in lockstep with what happens here,in spite of the contention by some experts that "when the U.S. economy sneezes the rest of the world catches cold",so my question isn't so much what the forecast is for everyone else but what do you see happening here in U.S., I'm thinking the fundamental weaknesses in the U.S. economy are so entrenched and immune to the standard easy masking techniques that we will NOT be bouyed by the strength of foriegn economies.What about the consesus that the strongest sector of our economy ,consumer retail spending ,largely supported by equity ATM syndrom and high employment and wages growth ( largely due to explosive housing industry growth)is now dead.Do you see this as potentially devastating?We have consumer spending dropping along with credit tightening and nervous investors.I'm thinking that a MAJOR U.S. crash is inevitable and quite possibly beginning now.Do you agree? If not ,why?
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby MrBill » Tue 07 Aug 2007, 03:55:10

I almost hate to say anything given this signature of yours...
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '"') Every absurdity has a champion to defend it,for error is always talkative."---Oliver Goldsmith
; - )

Well, we all ask ourselves these questions everyday. Large current account deficits composed of a structural trade deficit that cannot close, so long as America's competitors manipulate their own currencies, plus its need for imported oil. And a balance of payments, which increasingly sends remittances abroad to foreign creditors. Add in budget deficits and balooning debts at the federal, state and local levels, and unfunded future liabilities such as your pension funds and Medicare and it does not look promising.

Private equity has been loading up healthy companies with unsutainable amounts of debt, as rates rise and the economy slows, not all of that debt can or will be repaid. Bankrupt companies cannot meet their pension or healthcare obligations, and these in turn get pushed back on the government as insurer of last resort. Those liabilities are not even in the current equation as they have not materialized, yet, but it is likely that Chrysler, Ford and GM will all eventually go bankrupt, amoung with many other companies, and it is not like those unfunded liabilities are going to go away. Not with an aging population, which is not particularly old in absolute terms compared to Europe or Japan for example, but faces funding stress from retiring Baby Boomers over the next 25-years.

On the plus side, a weaker US dollar does make US exports more competitive, and helps share the pain of the US' current account deficit with its creditors, but how many Boeing Dreamliners do ME airlines need? And what if China, with partnerships with Bombardier and Embraer, start to get more aggressive in aerospace as well?

It is a simple fact that not every country can export their way out of financial trouble nor depend indefinitely on export lead growth because for every export surplus one needs an equal amount of imports. If there is a surplus somewhere then someone is left holding bag on the trade deficit side.

And that is without the dynamic of post peak oil resource depletion that will play out over the life of all this debt and future liabilities that America has accumulated. Continuing to fight foreign wars, for example, will only add to the eventual costs.

All that debt accumulated at every level needs to be eventually be repaid by higher savings, lower expenditures, US dollar devaluation, higher interest rates, inflation, debt restructuring and even default. All that will make future generations of Americans absolutely poorer than they would have been without those massive debts to repay.

Even in the context of post peak oil resource depletion countries that do not need to repay liabilities will be relatively better off. It is better to lose your best customer than to be deep in debt to your largest creditor. US dollar devaluation, inflation and debt default may make those creditors worse off, the flip side of taking manufacturing and exports away from the USA in the first place, but it is not going to make Americans better off.

Forty-five percent of the revenues of the S&P 500 companies comes from abroad. Clearly a weaker US dollar is not going to affect everyone the same. But earning money overseas is not the same as having a healthy domestic economy. You can ask the Japanese about that one. With one major exception, Japan was able to export itself out of trouble over 15-years of low, slow, no growth at home because they could export to the USA, the consumer of last resort.

However, against the backdrop of post peak oil resource depletion and a poorer populace in America how can the USA export their way out of this mess given such strong competition from low wage, high tech countries such as Chindia that already own that sphere? Only through lower wages and increased productivity in America and drastically reduced consumption assuming there is enough of an energy mix to support that transitition? Access to ME oil will not be near enough.

I may be wrong, but I think that is a summary of some of the problems facing America that are quite unique to it, but to a lesser extent do not affect some of its competitors in the wider global economy. Of course, post peak oil resource depletion will impact everyone, but clearly there are some Made in America problems as well.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby jboogy » Tue 07 Aug 2007, 14:12:24

Your wise ,prudent and cautious Mr. Bill. You've done a superb job summarizing the U.S. economy in a way even I can understand.
I can see your not wanting to make predictions for the short term,market down 281 friday, up 260? or so yesterday,up and down 50 today. Perhaps forecasting is best left till after the fact.
Perhaps the population would be less swayed to socialism if we had fewer examples of socialism from our "Free Market Capitalists". -----fiddler dave
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby OilIsMastery » Tue 07 Aug 2007, 14:30:19

I'm not sure where the market averages are headed but I can tell you where Transocean (RIG) is headed.

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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby holmes » Tue 07 Aug 2007, 14:37:14

hee hee cmon its becoming a joke now. Why so serious. We all know this whole ponzi is oil based. Just keep your eye on the oil. as it goes so goes the oil based ponzi. all I see is one big explosion and mushroom cloud. The worthless will be the first to go.
I have one prediction: by 2025 it will be ugly. socially and economically.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby MrBill » Wed 08 Aug 2007, 05:59:10

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('jboogy', 'Y')our wise, prudent and cautious Mr. Bill. You've done a superb job summarizing the U.S. economy in a way even I can understand.
I can see your not wanting to make predictions for the short term, market down 281 friday, up 260? or so yesterday, up and down 50 today. Perhaps forecasting is best left till after the fact.


It is so bad at the moment that I have money and no idea where to park it? Just out of caution I had to sell US dollars and buy euro today at $1.3800! Ughh!

It kills me, but what are you gonna do? If I keep it in cash, inflation kicks me upside the head. If I buy over-priced securities I risk capital losses at this point in the cycle. Bonds? Not with rising rates, widening spreads and currency uncertainty.

So many previously non-correlated assets are now widely correlated through the miracle of easy money policies that they all look over-valued.

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')PEC refers to the Asia-Pacific Economic Consternation
forum, errr, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. While
it really does mean the latter, the former name better represents
what the 21-member group has become.

Asia-Pacific nations like to think they work together. Yet if this year's finance ministers' meeting highlighted anything, it's that as much as Asia-Pacific nations say they're cooperating, they're standing very much alone.

It illuminated how the U.S. still blames Asia for saving too much and holding down currencies. Asians blame the U.S. for saving too little and relying too much on Asia's money. Japan criticizes China for an undervalued currency, while South Korea is stepping up criticism of Japan for the same reason. China is perturbed that it's being criticized at all.

APEC's gathering unfolded amid increasing volatility in global markets. One heard more consternation over who's to blame for imbalances than how to fix things. And Henry Paulson's decision to blow off the event was a bigger problem than the U.S. Treasury secretary may realize.
Source: Bloomberg, August 2007

The ruble will appreciate, but post-2008 who is going to be running Russia next? And in any case falling markets elsewhere will likely drag down even well-performing assets. There is nothing to buy in Russia that is not already expensive.

The Almighty Ruble

It's not fun! This is what October 1929 must of felt like at the time? No where to run and no where to hide!

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A') 40 percent or even 27 percent gain in the yuan, as some U.S. senators called for, will bring ``catastrophic harm'' to the U.S. and the world economy, China Finance magazine cited a government researcher as saying.

An unexpected ``big adjustment'' to the yuan will also cause the government to lose its credibility and lead U.S. lawmakers to ask for more, Xia Bin, director of the financial research department of the State Council, or cabinet, wrote in the magazine. China Finance is owned by the central bank.

It's important to damp the market's ``strong and predictable'' expectations of yuan appreciation, Xia wrote. The currency has risen 9.5 percent against the dollar since the central bank ended a fixed exchange rate in July 2005.

China should let the yuan trade in a more unpredictable and volatile fashion to fight speculative bets, Xia reiterated in the magazine.
Source: Aug. 6 (Bloomberg)

There is always land, but it is easier to buy an asset than to generate a positive return on your investment. The Economist describes the global housing bubble as the largest bubble in history! ; - )

UPDATE: that 'L' word...
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'H')ow much can we say we really understand simpler financial instruments such as shares, if we are still unable to say with certainty what has led to various market crashes in the past? Financial disaster happened in 1929 without derivatives. What tells us that a similar crash could occur again either without derivatives, or because of them?
Ludovico Zaraga, London

Richard Bookstaber: I don’t think derivatives are necessary to have a market crisis, but I do think they increase the likelihood of one because they make the markets more complex, and it becomes more difficult to understand how an event may evolve or propogate. Derivatives also are a source of leverage, and I think leverage is a key component of many market crises.

Going back to 1929, or even (as I do in my book) to the tulip mania of the 1630s, we find leverage in some guise. It might be the use of forward contracts in buying tulip bulbs that essentially allowed infinite leverage, or the use of margin accounts by investors in 1929.
Source: Are financial markets too complex?
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby jboogy » Wed 08 Aug 2007, 12:17:48

I've read that the derivatives sector is so complex that many of the people that MANAGE them don't fully understand exactly how they work.Reading between the lines I'm seeing a classic collapse structure in place that is almost surely going to be exascerbated by this monstrous vehicle known as derivatives.I've read these things are huge,very complex,interwoven with all other sectors and that no one knows what the effect will be if they implode.I think your telling me something without being crude perhaps? [smilie=eusa_think.gif]
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby grabby » Wed 08 Aug 2007, 13:50:48

The derivitives were invented just to wind it up.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby MrBill » Thu 09 Aug 2007, 05:49:44

Basically, not all derivatives were created equally.

There are credit derivatives and weather derivatives. Interest rate derivatives and currency derivatives.

Each is unique. Some limit risk. Others are open ended and create risk.

These risks can be exacerbated by the use of leverage.

The use of excess leverage on derivatives on derviatives quickly gets very complicated, harder to understand and even harder to price.

Throw in some 'fat tails' and 'the perfect financial storm' and you may have a bigger problem than your models tell you. Especially if easy money has made previously non-correlated assets and markets auto-correlated.

No one understands every new financial product in every market despite what they might tell you otherwise. Prudent risk management is still the key to financial market stability. And it has been sorely lacking as of late.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby jboogy » Thu 09 Aug 2007, 12:33:27

Mr. Bill -"Prudent risk management is still the key to financial market stability. and it has been sorely lacking as of late." You just said THE mouthful there. Greed has motivated every shady character that could game the system to do it, unfortunately a lot of these greedy characters were and are in a position to make or bend the rules to benefit themselves to the detriment of the health of the entire system.One example that comes immediately to mind is Bush retracting a Clinton rule making it illegal for accounting firms to also serve as their clients business consultants. Clinton had the SEC enact it when the Enron fiasco started and then Bush made withdrawing it one of his first official acts. I've seen little evidence that deregulation is a good thing on balance.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby MrBill » Fri 10 Aug 2007, 04:38:16

Well, I will not go into partisan politics. For one I am not American, although I lived lived, worked and studied in the USA. And secondly, it is only my opinion as an outsider that many of America's current political and economic problems stem from a two-party state in which power is shared instead of a true multi-party democracy where voters are given a real choice. Therefore, there is no incentive for either party to drastically change anything even if it is in the voters' best interests. I do not see that changing anytime soon, so the problems will persist.

But you are right about the greed part. The sub-prime fiasco is at its heart a massive fraud perpetuated 'mainly' by the mortgage broker industry that falsified many of the foundation documents on which other financial products were built.

In order to explain, I will borrow an example directly from Bloomberg Magazine, July 2007, entitled Toxic Debt.

"The Subprime money trail. How subprime mortgages can end up in your investments."

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', '
')1. Home Buyers.

Buyers with weak, or subprime, credit typically pay annual mortgage rates that are at least 2 percentage points more than the rates that banks charge people with good credit.

2. Mortgage Brokers

Brokers, many of them based in California, lie at the heart of the once-profitable partnership between subprime lenders and Wall Street. They handle as much as 70 percent of originations.

3. Subprime Lenders

Lenders lure people with exotic mortgages such as no-doc loans, which don't require evidence of income or savings. A record of $805 billion of subprime mortgages were originated in 2005 alone.

4. Big banks/wholesalers

Big bank buy subprime loans. Many banks then bundle the debt and sell it to Wall Street firms. Banks such as HSBC Holdings (formerly Household Finance) have been hurt by the subprime bust.

5. Securitization/manufacture of CDOs

Wall Street banks package subprime loans in mortgage backed securities and collateralize debt obligations. Sales of new MBSs soared to $2.4 trillion in 2006.

6. Rating companies

When a bank creates a CDO, it meets with credit raters to discuss the quality of the contents, including subprime debt. They divide the CDO into pieces in order to get the desired rating for each portion.

7. Securities/CDOs

CDOs include a mix of bonds and securities backed by mortgages and home equity loans. In 2006, an estimated $100 billion of subprime debt went into the $375 billion in CDOs sold in the USA.

8. Investors

Investors like CDOs because they offer 'potentially' higher returns than bonds with the same rating. Banks, insurance companies and pension funds take on more risk in pursuit of yields as high as 20 percent.


In other words to quote the old saying, 'Garbage in, Garbage out'.

You cannot design a triple A note from a pile of securities unless you know their individual characteristics.

For example, this pool of mortgages comes from this region, the average household income is $120.000, and the average price of the home is, say, $400.000 against a mortgage of, say, $300.000.

Once you have that information you can sit down and calculate what percentage of loans will likely default if interest rates go up 1%, or unemployment goes up 1%, based on past experience. Then through the process of over-collateralization you can design tranches of debt from equity (or mezzanine) through to triple-A.

But if your fundamental building block is a loan application that has been fraudulently altered to distort household income or the price of the home then, like building on sand, any derivatives based on that data will be by definition improperly priced. 'Garbage in, Garbage out'.

Greed lead to mortgage brokers to push loans that homeowners could not hope to realistically repay, so they tampered with the loan application. I believe many did this with the implicit understanding and approval of both the homeowner trying to qualify for the mortgage and by the subprime lender that needed to source product to on-sell to the banks. Definitely not an example of prudent risk management. And here we are!
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby highlander » Fri 10 Aug 2007, 11:44:42

Until this AM, world markets seemed immune from the US sub-prime woes. Now it seems like the US markets have sneezed and the worlds markets have caught a cold. Mr Bill.. Do you think this trend will continue? Or is it just an attempt to shore up the US markets?
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby MrBill » Mon 13 Aug 2007, 05:23:59

$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('highlander', 'U')ntil this AM, world markets seemed immune from the US sub-prime woes. Now it seems like the US markets have sneezed and the worlds markets have caught a cold. Mr Bill.. Do you think this trend will continue? Or is it just an attempt to shore up the US markets?


No, this is all real. Overnight lending rates have spiked to 6% from 5.36% last week. That makes everyone's cost of borrowing higher; cuts off credit to some companies; slows their organic growth; lowers the future value of stock prices; and cuts off fewer new deals (M&A) from being done.

It is where the purely financial crisis meets the real economy if you will.

UPDATE:
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', ' ')The Fed will be guided by its assessment of how much do banks, hedge funds, pension funds and others stand to lose and whether consumers and businesses will be able to stomach higher interest rates and stricter loan underwriting.

“There are a lot of risks in front of us,” said Liz Ann Sonders, chief investment strategist at Charles Schwab. “Financial crises, in the past, when not accompanied with a recession have been good for the markets.”

But, she added, “if the economic landscape deteriorates much from here, then we are going to have to suffer through a more difficult market period.”

That debate, Ms. Sonders and others agree, will not be resolved anytime soon, which suggests that markets will remain choppy as information about failing hedge funds and mortgage companies dribbles out.

Investor anxiety has been so heightened in recent weeks that days of stability have been shattered by the first sign of trouble tied to the debt markets.

Volatility, as measured by one popular index of options trading, has surged to its highest levels in more than four years, though it remains far lower than it was early this decade and in the late 1990s.
Source: Central Banks Intervene to Calm Volatile Markets



I think the panic from last week due to a sudden drop in liquidity and higher money markets rates is now over, but the lasting effects will linger for some time. I still see a steeper yield curve (higher cost of credit) and the S&P500 lower.

However, if the ECB and the FED now do an about face over interest rates and give in to inflation to save the markets then it will savage their reputations and likely undermine markets even more. Tough love is called for.

Let's see what happens this week? I think there will be a lot of hedge and mututal fund redemptions. If they are orderly, fine. If not, then expect more turbulance. The markets have to come to grips with an orderly re-pricing of risks, but if they expect a quick fix from the CBs, and they are accomodated, then I think the war is lost. Inflation will soar and global imbalances will grow with unbearable consequences.
Last edited by MrBill on Mon 13 Aug 2007, 05:38:38, edited 1 time in total.
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Re: Where are we headed?

Unread postby Plantagenet » Mon 13 Aug 2007, 05:28:22

The Eurobank has just pumped another 60 billion Euros into the system, right on the heels of the 90 billion they pushed out the door last week. That should help with the liquidity concerns.
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