by rockdoc123 » Thu 12 May 2016, 11:09:41
$this->bbcode_second_pass_quote('', 'A')ll three reserve measures (volumetric, materials balance, and production decline curve) of legacy fields require some combination of current/past production and OOP. There is no way to determine the size of a legacy reservoir if that historical perspective is missing. This is why Saudi Arabia has been able to maintain reserve in Ghawar at exactly 250 BBO for 35 years. And that is meaningless.
actually in terms of volumetric assessments you do not need past production history, simply wireline logs, seismic and someone knowledgable about depositional models. This sort of assessment is not the most accurate but is done all the time when you are looking to acquire fields where either the production history is sketchy (eg: old fields in places like Egypt and Algeria) or the production books were obviously "cooked" to reflect something that wasn't really happening (eg: Russia, Mexico). The idea is if you know the shape of the field and where the current gas/water or oil/gas or oil/water interface is and a little bit about fluid properties and pressure conditions in the reservoir it is easy to come up with a good estimate. As you produce the field those reserves are continually re-evaluated. Note that reserve auditors will use everything at their disposal to come up with a reasonable estimate. If you have a field that is producing under natural gas depletion drive and there is a good history of production volumes and static pressures a material balance calculation is ideal. However if the operator was lax in getting reliable static pressures then a material balance calculation is more difficult to rely on and if there is any amount of water drive support a material balance calculation is invalid (you need to see pressure drops which will not happen with a strong water drive). I served the role of internal reserve auditor for awhile and to my mind prior to subjecting your fields to external audit you would look at every possible bit of evidence pointing you to a reserve estimate. If the various methods agree that's great but the fact they might not is also important as to what number you land on in the end. Like most things in life it isn't simple, certainly not a paint by numbers activity.
With regards to the shale reservoirs reserve auditors now accept type curve matching and are especially keen to do that in basins where there is a huge history of type curves (eg: Marcellus or perhaps Bakken). Even though there is wide variability in well behavior there is a range and it is relatively easy to assign the P90, P50 and P10 envelopes in the various well production curves. Hence if someone drills a horizontal well in a well known basin and was able to measure a valid IP (initial production rate) the reserve auditor can assign P1, P2 and P3 reserves based on the decline curve analysis. Each subsequent year those numbers would have to be adjusted of course.
As to Saudi Arabia it has always been difficult to find the 2P reserve number, the 3P reserve number and OOIP. Back in 2006 there was a thread I started called something like Saudi Arabia looking at the numbers which was a place I tried to discuss the data that was actually available from various sources. The issue here is the "official" reserve number might not change appreciably year on year if Aramco is continually elevating 3P to 2P or 2P to 1P status. It is clear that would have happened from 2008 through 2011 as they completed the various mega-projects. The lack of transparency (and I'm not sure why they would be transparent) is a problem. But I find it interesting that although there have been scads of expats working for Aramco over the years (and I know a bakers dozen of them) there has never been a "tell all" account of reserve reporting malfeasance.